Sequences and MOV instructions.

notes/.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-to-anki-plugin/data.json

@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@
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     "_journal/2024-01-31.md": "7c7fbfccabc316f9e676826bf8dfe970",
-    "logic/equiv-trans.md": "4de3b5412f29b080a5f9f3629db38389",
+    "logic/equiv-trans.md": "5d68be4120e7f79e12c35fafeddaf1a1",
     "_journal/2024-02-07.md": "8d81cd56a3b33883a7706d32e77b5889",
     "algorithms/loop-invariants.md": "cbefc346842c21a6cce5c5edce451eb2",
     "algorithms/loop-invariant.md": "3b390e720f3b2a98e611b49a0bb1f5a9",
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@
     "c17/strings.md": "e4012ee9a18ad44370490e375ae57f09",
     "c17/index.md": "78576ee41d0185df82c59999142f4edb",
     "c17/escape-sequences.md": "a8b99070336878b4e8c11e9e4525a500",
-    "c17/declarations.md": "f55d31e93e67f03577300d9e92129e82",
+    "c17/declarations.md": "7556186be0678419100ee9801e85ff06",
     "algorithms/sorting/merge-sort.md": "6506483f7df6507cee0407bd205dbedd",
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     "_journal/2024-02/2024-02-23.md": "0aad297148e8cc4058b48b7e45787ca7",
@@ -240,13 +240,13 @@
     "filesystems/cas.md": "d41c0d2e943adecbadd10a03fd1e4274",
     "git/objects.md": "c6b7e6a26666386790d25d4ece38175d",
     "git/index.md": "83d2d95fc549d9e8436946c7bd058d15",
-    "encoding/integer.md": "13f5cb33721bc0815d95821ef940321b",
+    "encoding/integer.md": "73c42283ff8c3a1d4efb9f9644a4cf3b",
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     "algebra/sequences.md": "97c217823aacf8910a1a37bde694ecfe",
-    "algebra/sequences/index.md": "91ec81d3aa22d1baef2ab4b24736c43c",
+    "algebra/sequences/index.md": "a15b7ce8cd040a08c7bfc8ceb6cd0525",
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     "algebra/sequences/triangular-numbers.md": "39a84ee317d3760a2eda7279c83e921a",
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@
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     "algebra/sequences/geometric.md": "57544cab59f0b8c28d4a11f0273a3119",
-    "algebra/sequences/arithmetic.md": "6acb04ca2bbd2e39decd23a6451f2266",
+    "algebra/sequences/arithmetic.md": "861b6368487463a4fd6a608147df2f4f",
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@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@
     "_journal/2024-03/2024-03-17.md": "23f9672f5c93a6de52099b1b86834e8b",
     "set/directed-graph.md": "b4b8ad1be634a0a808af125fe8577a53",
     "set/index.md": "b82a215fbee3c576186fc1af93c82fcb",
-    "set/graphs.md": "7e03faf8fce1168db7a8fcebb396b47f",
+    "set/graphs.md": "242195a7af5dc5dfefdc07ccba8b0fa4",
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     "awk/variables.md": "e40a20545358228319f789243d8b9f77",
@@ -308,9 +308,9 @@
     "_journal/2024-03-22.md": "8da8cda07d3de74f7130981a05dce254",
     "_journal/2024-03/2024-03-21.md": "cd465f71800b080afa5c6bdc75bf9cd3",
     "x86-64/declarations.md": "75bc7857cf2207a40cd7f0ee056af2f2",
-    "x86-64/instructions.md": "61a6b774b1c3a34893268897490dc90b",
+    "x86-64/instructions.md": "d783bad8dd77748fb412715541cb844d",
     "git/refs.md": "954fc69004aa65b358ec5ce07c1435ce",
-    "set/trees.md": "f0e179ee573a344b6eb7624bdf4f0539",
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@@ -349,11 +349,21 @@
     "_journal/2024-04-16.md": "0bf6e2f2a3afab73d528cee88c4c1a92",
     "_journal/2024-04/2024-04-15.md": "256253b0633d878ca58060162beb7587",
     "algebra/polynomials.md": "6e20029b44fe0d0c4f35ef8ee4874d82",
-    "algebra/sequences/delta-constant.md": "f51bb01d5475004063e444e2acbcd0a3",
+    "algebra/sequences/delta-constant.md": "8292ae72cd1f36c649f3e224f2c0d853",
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+    "_journal/2024-04-20.md": "043bbf73e6a317152b8fa3af03d1c57b",
+    "_journal/2024-04/2024-04-19.md": "bbd870d1f8ed84ecbf2c927e504f77d9",
+    "_journal/2024-04-22.md": "ba428abd846d67feb8d8b0e2faff00de",
+    "_journal/2024-04-21.md": "48c1d823bcb2c39b7e36da428bb2c1c8",
+    "_journal/2024-04/2024-04-21.md": "48c1d823bcb2c39b7e36da428bb2c1c8",
+    "_journal/2024-04/2024-04-20.md": "043bbf73e6a317152b8fa3af03d1c57b",
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+    "_journal/2024-04/2024-04-22.md": "1737cfe64dca349f7ea3401863555d90",
+    "_journal/2024-04-24.md": "388aea1c0dc33bccef57c070bf59da4d",
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   },
   "fields_dict": {
     "Basic": [

notes/_journal/2024-04-24.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+title: "2024-04-24"
+---
+
+- [x] Anki Flashcards
+- [x] KoL
+- [ ] Sheet Music (10 min.)
+- [ ] Go (1 Life & Death Problem)
+- [ ] Korean (Read 1 Story)
+- [ ] Interview Prep (1 Practice Problem)
+- [x] Log Work Hours (Max 3 hours)
+
+* Read chapter 7 "Transactions" of "Designing Data-Intensive Applications".
+* Hide-and-seek application.
+	* Explored how to limit the number of re-renders in the application.
+	* Played around with Zustand types to get TypeScript and Immer working together (WIP).
+* Read chapter 2 "Pastebin" of "Grokking the System Design Interview".
+* Read chapter 4 of HP-16C manual.

notes/_journal/2024-04/2024-04-20.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+title: "2024-04-20"
+---
+
+- [x] Anki Flashcards
+- [x] KoL
+- [ ] Sheet Music (10 min.)
+- [ ] Go (1 Life & Death Problem)
+- [ ] Korean (Read 1 Story)
+- [ ] Interview Prep (1 Practice Problem)
+- [ ] Log Work Hours (Max 3 hours)
+
+* Chapter 2 of the HP-16C manual.
+* Create flashcards for x86 MOV instructions. Focusing on cards that encourage better reading of assembly, not writing.

notes/_journal/2024-04/2024-04-21.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+title: "2024-04-21"
+---
+
+- [x] Anki Flashcards
+- [x] KoL
+- [ ] Sheet Music (10 min.)
+- [ ] Go (1 Life & Death Problem)
+- [ ] Korean (Read 1 Story)
+- [ ] Interview Prep (1 Practice Problem)
+- [ ] Log Work Hours (Max 3 hours)

notes/_journal/2024-04/2024-04-22.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+title: "2024-04-22"
+---
+
+- [x] Anki Flashcards
+- [x] KoL
+- [ ] Sheet Music (10 min.)
+- [ ] Go (1 Life & Death Problem)
+- [ ] Korean (Read 1 Story)
+- [ ] Interview Prep (1 Practice Problem)
+- [x] Log Work Hours (Max 3 hours)
+
+* Read chapter 5.1 "One-Dimensional Arrays as Functions" in "The Scient of Programming".
+* Hide-and-seek application
+	* Continue the latest refactor. Added back pick/hide phases with permission checking in place.
+* Read chapter 2.4 "Solving Recurrence Relations" of "Discrete Mathematics: An Open Introduction". Need to finish re-reading, doing the exercises, and creating flashcards.

notes/_journal/2024-04/2024-04-23.md

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+---
+title: "2024-04-23"
+---
+
+- [x] Anki Flashcards
+- [x] KoL
+- [ ] Sheet Music (10 min.)
+- [ ] Go (1 Life & Death Problem)
+- [ ] Korean (Read 1 Story)
+- [ ] Interview Prep (1 Practice Problem)
+- [x] Log Work Hours (Max 3 hours)
+
+* Chapter 3 of HP-16C manual.

notes/algebra/sequences/arithmetic.md

@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ END%%
 %%ANKI
 Basic
 Why is a sequence of partial sums named the way it is?
-Back: Each term is found by adding a finite number of infinite terms. 
+Back: Each term is found by adding a finite number of terms in an infinite sequence. 
 Reference: Oscar Levin, *Discrete Mathematics: An Open Introduction*, 3rd ed., n.d., [https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf](https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf).
 <!--ID: 1713580109297-->
 END%%

notes/algebra/sequences/delta-constant.md

@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ END%%
 
 %%ANKI
 Basic
-How are arithmetic sequences defined in terms of $\Delta^k$ polynomials?
+How are arithmetic sequences defined in terms of "$\Delta^k$-constant"?
 Back: A sequence is arithmetic if and only if it is $\Delta^1$-constant.
 Reference: Oscar Levin, *Discrete Mathematics: An Open Introduction*, 3rd ed., n.d., [https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf](https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf).
 <!--ID: 1713580109244-->
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ END%%
 
 %%ANKI
 Basic
-How are geometric sequences defined in terms of $\Delta^k$ polynomials?
+How are geometric sequences defined in terms of "$\Delta^k$-constant"?
 Back: N/A
 Reference: Oscar Levin, *Discrete Mathematics: An Open Introduction*, 3rd ed., n.d., [https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf](https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf).
 <!--ID: 1713580109250-->

notes/algebra/sequences/index.md

@@ -169,6 +169,110 @@ Reference: Oscar Levin, *Discrete Mathematics: An Open Introduction*, 3rd ed., n
 <!--ID: 1709302343255-->
 END%%
 
+## Solving Recurrence Relations
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is the recurrence relation for the Fibonacci sequence?
+Back: $F_n = F_{n-1} + F_{n-2}$
+Reference: Oscar Levin, *Discrete Mathematics: An Open Introduction*, 3rd ed., n.d., [https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf](https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1713810280062-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What does it mean to solve a recurrence relation?
+Back: To find a closed formula satisfying the relation and initial conditions.
+Reference: Oscar Levin, *Discrete Mathematics: An Open Introduction*, 3rd ed., n.d., [https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf](https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1713810280066-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What does it mean for a sum to be telescoping?
+Back: Pairs of consecutive terms in the summation cancel each other out.
+Reference: Oscar Levin, *Discrete Mathematics: An Open Introduction*, 3rd ed., n.d., [https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf](https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1713810280068-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What imagery is invoked by the term "telescoping" with respect to a sum?
+Back: A collapsing telescope.
+Reference: Oscar Levin, *Discrete Mathematics: An Open Introduction*, 3rd ed., n.d., [https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf](https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1713810280071-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What summands typically remain after evaluating a telescoping sum?
+Back: The first and the last.
+Reference: Oscar Levin, *Discrete Mathematics: An Open Introduction*, 3rd ed., n.d., [https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf](https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1713810280074-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is the result of the following after observing telescoping? $$(2 - 1) + (3 - 2) + \cdots + (100 - 99) + (101 - 100)$$
+Back: $-1 + 101$
+Reference: Oscar Levin, *Discrete Mathematics: An Open Introduction*, 3rd ed., n.d., [https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf](https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1713810280076-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+How is the following rewritten to highlight telescoping? $$(2 - 1) + (3 - 2) + \cdots + (100 - 99) + (101 - 100)$$
+Back: $$(-1 + 2) + (-2 + 3) + \cdots + (-99 + 100) + (-100 + 101)$$
+Reference: Oscar Levin, *Discrete Mathematics: An Open Introduction*, 3rd ed., n.d., [https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf](https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1713810280079-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is the result of the following? $\sum_{n=1}^N (a_n - a_{n-1})$
+Back: $a_N - a_0$
+Reference: Oscar Levin, *Discrete Mathematics: An Open Introduction*, 3rd ed., n.d., [https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf](https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1713810280082-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What property is used to quickly verify the following identity? $$\sum_{n=1}^N (a_n - a_{n-1}) = a_N - a_0$$
+Back: This is a telescoping sum.
+Reference: Oscar Levin, *Discrete Mathematics: An Open Introduction*, 3rd ed., n.d., [https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf](https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1713810280085-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Schematically show how telescoping can be used to solve $a_n = a_{n-1} + f(n)$.
+Back: $$\begin{align*}
+a_1 - a_0 & = f(1) \\
+& \vdots \\
+a_n - a_{n-1} & = f(n) \\
+\hline
+a_n - a_0 & = \sum_{k=1}^n f(k)
+\end{align*}$$
+Reference: Oscar Levin, *Discrete Mathematics: An Open Introduction*, 3rd ed., n.d., [https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf](https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1713810280088-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is the closed formula of recurrence $a_n = a_{n-1} + f(n)$?
+Back: $a_n = a_0 + \sum_{k=1}^n f(k)$
+Reference: Oscar Levin, *Discrete Mathematics: An Open Introduction*, 3rd ed., n.d., [https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf](https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1713810280091-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What summation property can be used to derive the closed formula of $a_n = a_{n-1} + f(n)$?
+Back: Telescoping.
+Reference: Oscar Levin, *Discrete Mathematics: An Open Introduction*, 3rd ed., n.d., [https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf](https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1713810280094-->
+END%%
+
 ## Bibliography
 
 * Oscar Levin, *Discrete Mathematics: An Open Introduction*, 3rd ed., n.d., [https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf](https://discrete.openmathbooks.org/pdfs/dmoi3-tablet.pdf).

notes/c17/declarations.md

@@ -265,8 +265,8 @@ END%%
 
 %%ANKI
 Basic
-Why avoid negative hexadecimal integer literals?
+How might C dangerously interpret a negative hexadecimal integer literal?
-Back: Depending on value, the resulting type may be `unsigned`.
+Back: Depending on the value, the resulting type may be `unsigned`.
 Reference: Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
 <!--ID: 1708631820833-->
 END%%

notes/encoding/integer.md

@@ -990,7 +990,7 @@ This is more simply expressed as $x +_w^u y = (x + y) \bmod 2^w$.
 
 %%ANKI
 Basic
-What kind of overflows does unsigned addition potentially exhibit?
+What kind of overflow does unsigned addition potentially exhibit?
 Back: Positive overflow.
 Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
 <!--ID: 1708799678739-->

notes/logic/equiv-trans.md

@@ -887,6 +887,193 @@ Reference: Gries, David. *The Science of Programming*. Texts and Monographs in
 <!--ID: 1707939006297-->
 END%%
 
+### Arrays
+
+An array can be seen as a function from the **domain** of the array to the subscripted values found in the array. We denote array subscript assignment similarly to state identifier assignment: $$(b; i{:}e)[j] = \begin{cases} i = j \rightarrow e \\ i \neq j \rightarrow b[j] \end{cases}$$
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Let $b$ be an array. What does $b.lower$ denote?
+Back: The lower subscript bound of the array.
+Reference: Gries, David. *The Science of Programming*. Texts and Monographs in Computer Science. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1981.
+<!--ID: 1713793130015-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Let $b$ be an array. What does $b.upper$ denote?
+Back: The upper subscript bound of the array.
+Reference: Gries, David. *The Science of Programming*. Texts and Monographs in Computer Science. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1981.
+<!--ID: 1713793130019-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Let $b$ be an array. How is $domain(b)$ defined in set-theoretic notation?
+Back: $\{i \mid b.lower \leq i \leq b.upper\}$
+Reference: Gries, David. *The Science of Programming*. Texts and Monographs in Computer Science. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1981.
+<!--ID: 1713793130022-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Let $b[0{:}2]$ be an array. What is $b.lower$?
+Back: $0$
+Reference: Gries, David. *The Science of Programming*. Texts and Monographs in Computer Science. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1981.
+<!--ID: 1713793130025-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Let $b[0{:}2]$ be an array. What is $b.upper$?
+Back: $2$
+Reference: Gries, David. *The Science of Programming*. Texts and Monographs in Computer Science. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1981.
+<!--ID: 1713793130028-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Execution of `b[i] := e` of array $b$ yields what new value of $b$?
+Back: $b = (b; i{:}e)$
+Reference: Gries, David. *The Science of Programming*. Texts and Monographs in Computer Science. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1981.
+<!--ID: 1713793130031-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Let $s$ be a state. What *is* $x$ in $(s; x{:}e)$?
+Back: An identifier found in $s$.
+Reference: Gries, David. *The Science of Programming*. Texts and Monographs in Computer Science. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1981.
+<!--ID: 1713793130034-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Let $s$ be a state. What *is* $e$ in $(s; x{:}e)$?
+Back: An expression.
+Reference: Gries, David. *The Science of Programming*. Texts and Monographs in Computer Science. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1981.
+<!--ID: 1713793130037-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Let $s$ be a state. What is $e$'s type in $(s; x{:}e)$?
+Back: A type matching $x$'s declaration.
+Reference: Gries, David. *The Science of Programming*. Texts and Monographs in Computer Science. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1981.
+<!--ID: 1713793130041-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Let $b$ be an array. What *is* $x$ in $(b; x{:}e)$?
+Back: An expression that evaluates to a member of $domain(b)$.
+Reference: Gries, David. *The Science of Programming*. Texts and Monographs in Computer Science. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1981.
+<!--ID: 1713793130045-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Let $b$ be an array. What is $e$'s type in $(b; x{:}e)$?
+Back: A type matching $b$'s member declaration.
+Reference: Gries, David. *The Science of Programming*. Texts and Monographs in Computer Science. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1981.
+<!--ID: 1713793130050-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Let $b$ be an array. What case analysis does $(b; i{:}e)[j]$ evaluate to?
+Back: $$(b; i{:}e)[j] = \begin{cases} i = j \rightarrow e \\ i \neq j \rightarrow b[j] \end{cases}$$
+Reference: Gries, David. *The Science of Programming*. Texts and Monographs in Computer Science. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1981.
+<!--ID: 1713793130056-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Let $b$ be an array. How is $(((b; i{:}e_1); j{:}e_2); k{:}e_3)$ rewritten without nesting?
+Back: As $(b; i{:}e_1; j{:}e_2; k{:}e_3)$
+Reference: Gries, David. *The Science of Programming*. Texts and Monographs in Computer Science. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1981.
+<!--ID: 1713793130062-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Let $b$ be an array. How is $(b; (i{:}e_1; (j{:}e_2; (k{:}e_3))))$ rewritten without nesting?
+Back: N/A. This is invalid syntax.
+Reference: Gries, David. *The Science of Programming*. Texts and Monographs in Computer Science. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1981.
+<!--ID: 1713793130067-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Let $b$ be an array. How is $(b; i{:}e_1; j{:}e_2; k{:}e_3)$ rewritten with nesting?
+Back: As $(((b; i{:}e_1); j{:}e_2); k{:}e_3)$.
+Reference: Gries, David. *The Science of Programming*. Texts and Monographs in Computer Science. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1981.
+<!--ID: 1713793130072-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Let $b$ be an array. What does $(b; i{:}2; i{:}3; i{:}4)[i]$ evaluate to?
+Back: $4$
+Reference: Gries, David. *The Science of Programming*. Texts and Monographs in Computer Science. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1981.
+<!--ID: 1713793130077-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Let $b$ be an array. How is $(b; 0{:}8; 2{:}9; 0{:}7)[1]$ simplified?
+Back: As $b[1]$.
+Reference: Gries, David. *The Science of Programming*. Texts and Monographs in Computer Science. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1981.
+<!--ID: 1713793130081-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+According to Gries, what is the traditional interpretation of an array?
+Back: As a collection of subscripted independent variables (with a common name).
+Reference: Gries, David. *The Science of Programming*. Texts and Monographs in Computer Science. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1981.
+<!--ID: 1713793130086-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+According to Gries, what is the new interpretation of an array?
+Back: As a function.
+Reference: Gries, David. *The Science of Programming*. Texts and Monographs in Computer Science. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1981.
+<!--ID: 1713793130090-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What expression results from eliminating $(b; \ldots)$ notation from $(b; i{:}5)[j] = 5$?
+Back: $(i = j \land 5 = 5) \lor (i \neq j \land b[j] = 5)$
+Reference: Gries, David. *The Science of Programming*. Texts and Monographs in Computer Science. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1981.
+<!--ID: 1713793130095-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What logical axiom is used when eliminating $(b; \ldots)$ notation from e.g. $(b; i{:}5)[j] = 5$?
+Back: The Law of the Excluded Middle.
+Reference: Gries, David. *The Science of Programming*. Texts and Monographs in Computer Science. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1981.
+<!--ID: 1713793130100-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Cloze
+For state $s$ and array $b$, {$(s; x{:}s(x))$} is analagous to {$(b; i{:}b[i])$}.
+Reference: Gries, David. *The Science of Programming*. Texts and Monographs in Computer Science. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1981.
+<!--ID: 1713793130104-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is the simplification of $(b; i{:}b[i]; j{:}b[j]; k{:}b[j])$?
+Back: $(b; k{:}b[j])$
+Reference: Gries, David. *The Science of Programming*. Texts and Monographs in Computer Science. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1981.
+<!--ID: 1713793130108-->
+END%%
+
 ## Bibliography
 
 * Avigad, Jeremy. ‘Theorem Proving in Lean’, n.d.

notes/set/graphs.md

@@ -990,7 +990,7 @@ END%%
 Basic
 What are the simple cycles containing vertex $2$?
 ![[undirected-graph-example.png]]
-Back: $\langle 1, 2, 5, 1 \rangle$ and $\langle 1, 5, 2, 1 \rangle$
+Back: $\langle 2, 5, 1, 2 \rangle$ and $\langle 2, 1, 5, 2 \rangle$
 Reference: Thomas H. Cormen et al., Introduction to Algorithms, Fourth edition (Cambridge, Massachusett: The MIT Press, 2022).
 <!--ID: 1710807788519-->
 END%%

notes/set/trees.md

@@ -904,7 +904,7 @@ END%%
 %%ANKI
 Basic
 What is a $k$-ary tree?
-Back: A positional tree in which each node has at most $k$ children.
+Back: A positional tree in which each node has $k$ labels with a potential child.
 Reference: Thomas H. Cormen et al., _Introduction to Algorithms_, Fourth edition (Cambridge, Massachusett: The MIT Press, 2022).
 <!--ID: 1713118128223-->
 END%%

notes/x86-64/instructions.md

@@ -365,6 +365,271 @@ Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Program
 <!--ID: 1713213168894-->
 END%%
 
+### `MOV`
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What four variants does `MOV` instructions take on in x86-64?
+Back: `movb`, `movw`, `movl`, `movq`
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1713625933397-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+How many bytes does a `movb` instruction operate on?
+Back: One.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1713625933403-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+How many bytes does a `movw` instruction operate on?
+Back: Two.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1713625933406-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+How many bytes does a `movl` instruction operate on?
+Back: Four.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1713625933409-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+How many bytes does a `movq` instruction operate on?
+Back: Eight.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1713625933413-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What combination of source and destination types is prohibited in `MOV` instructions?
+Back: A source and destination memory address.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1713625933416-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is the result of `%rax` after instruction `movl $0x4050,%eax`?
+Back: Upper 32-bits is `0` and lower 32-bits is `0x4050`.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1713625933419-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is the result of `%rax` after instruction `movq $0x4050,%rax`?
+Back: The 64-bit value is `0x4050`.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1713625933423-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is the result of `%rax` after instruction `movw $0x4050,%ax`?
+Back: The upper 48 bits are unchanged and the lower 16 bits are `0x4050`.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1713625933426-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is the result of `%rax` after instruction `movb $0x4050,%al`?
+Back: The upper 56 bits are unchanged and the lower 8 bits are `0x50`.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1713625933430-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is the result of `%rax` after instruction `movw $0x4050,%al`?
+Back: N/A. Invalid operand for instruction.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1713625933433-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What caveat is applied to the source operand of `movq`?
+Back: Immediates are 32-bit two's-complement numbers sign extended to 64-bits.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1713625933437-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What `mov` instruction is needed when working with 64-bit immediate sources?
+Back: `movabsq`
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1713625933441-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What purpose does `movabsq` solve that `movq` does not?
+Back: `movabsq` can have an arbitrary 64-bit immediate source.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1713625933448-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is the result of `%rax` after the following instructions?
+```asm
+movabsq $0x0011223344556677, %rax
+movb    $-1, %al
+```
+Back: `0x00112233445566FF`
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1713625933452-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is the result of `%rax` after the following instructions?
+```asm
+movabsq $0x0011223344556677, %rax
+movw    $-1, %ax
+```
+Back: `0x001122334455FFFF`
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1713625933455-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is the result of `%rax` after the following instructions?
+```asm
+movabsq $0x0011223344556677, %rax
+movl    $-1, %eax
+```
+Back: `0x00000000FFFFFFFF`
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1713625933458-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is the result of `%rax` after the following instructions?
+```asm
+movabsq $0x0011223344556677, %rax
+movq    $-1, %rax
+```
+Back: `0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF`
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1713625933461-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is the `MOVZ` instruction class?
+Back: `MOV` instructions that zero extend the source to fit into the destination.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1713625933464-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is the `MOVS` instruction class?
+Back: `MOV` instructions that sign extend the source to fit into the destination.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1713625933466-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What does the `movzbw` instruction do?
+Back: Moves a zero-extended byte to a word.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1713625933469-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What does the `movslq` instruction do?
+Back: Moves a sign-extended double word to a quad word.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1713625933472-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What does the `movslb` instruction do?
+Back: N/A. This instruction does not exist.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1713625933475-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What combinatorial argument explains the number of `MOVS` instructions?
+Back: There exists an instruction for each smaller declaration to larger declaration.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1713625933478-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What `MOVZ` instruction is "missing"?
+Back: `movzlq`
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1713625933481-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Why does there not exist a `movzlq` instruction?
+Back: Because `movl` already zeros out the upper bits of a destination register.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1713625933483-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is the result of `%rax` after the following instructions?
+```asm
+movabsq $0x0011223344556677, %rax
+movb    $0xAA, %dl
+movb    %dl,%al
+```
+Back: `0x00112233445566AA`
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1713625933486-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is the result of `%rax` after the following instructions?
+```asm
+movabsq $0x0011223344556677, %rax
+movb    $0xAA, %dl
+movsbq  %dl,%rax
+```
+Back: `0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFAA`
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1713625933489-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is the result of `%rax` after the following instructions?
+```asm
+movabsq $0x0011223344556677, %rax
+movb    $0xAA, %dl
+movzbq  %dl,%rax
+```
+Back: `0x00000000000000AA`
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1713625933491-->
+END%%
+
 ## Bibliography
 
 * Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.