282 lines
9.9 KiB
Markdown
282 lines
9.9 KiB
Markdown
---
|
|
title: x86-64
|
|
TARGET DECK: Obsidian::STEM
|
|
FILE TAGS: x86-64
|
|
tags:
|
|
- x86-64
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
## Overview
|
|
|
|
x86 refers to the architecture first introduced by Intel with their 8086 processor (1978). Intel's i386 (1985), originally named the 80386, expanded the architecture to 32-bits. AMD's Opteron (2003) expanded it again to 64-bits.
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Basic
|
|
What *is* an ISA?
|
|
Back: A specification describing how a processor behaves.
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710959313830-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Basic
|
|
What is ISA an acronym for?
|
|
Back: **I**nstruction **s**et **a**rchitecture.
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710959313835-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Basic
|
|
What is a microarchitecture?
|
|
Back: The way an ISA is implemented in a particular processor.
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710959313839-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Basic
|
|
How is the term "microarchitecture" often abbreviated?
|
|
Back: uarch
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710959313843-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Cloze
|
|
A {microarchitecture} is an implementation of an {ISA}.
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710959313848-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Basic
|
|
Which company invented x86?
|
|
Back: Intel.
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710955846934-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Basic
|
|
Which two companies build x86-compatible processors?
|
|
Back: Intel and AMD.
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710955846937-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Basic
|
|
Which processor gave rise to the x86 ISA?
|
|
Back: Intel 8086.
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710955846939-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Basic
|
|
The Intel 8086 was released in which decade?
|
|
Back: The 1970s.
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710955846942-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Basic
|
|
Which processor first expanded the x86 ISA to 32-bit?
|
|
Back: Intel i386
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710955846944-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Basic
|
|
What is IA-32?
|
|
Back: The 32-bit version of the x86 ISA.
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710955846946-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Basic
|
|
What is IA-32 an acronym for?
|
|
Back: **I**ntel **A**rchitecture **32**-bit.
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710955846948-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Cloze
|
|
The {80386} was the original name for the {i386} processor.
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710955846950-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Cloze
|
|
The 8086 is {1:16}-bit whereas the i386 is {1:32}-bit.
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710955846952-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Basic
|
|
What is IA-64?
|
|
Back: The 64-bit implementation of the Itanium ISA.
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710955846955-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Basic
|
|
What is Intel 64?
|
|
Back: Another name for x86-64.
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710955846957-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Cloze
|
|
IA-32 is to the {1:x86} ISA whereas IA-64 is to the {1:Itanium} ISA.
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710955846960-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Basic
|
|
What distinguishes x86-64 from IA-64?
|
|
Back: These refer to incompatible ISAs.
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710955846964-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Basic
|
|
What distinguishes x86-64 from IA-32?
|
|
Back: The former is the 64 bit extension to the latter.
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710955846967-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Basic
|
|
What is x86-64?
|
|
Back: The 64-bit version of the x86 ISA.
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710955846969-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Basic
|
|
Why is the x86 processor line named the way it is?
|
|
Back: The original processors making up the line were named `<SOMETHING>86`.
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710955846971-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Basic
|
|
In which decade was the 80386 released?
|
|
Back: The 1980s.
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710955846973-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Basic
|
|
What was the first x86 processor capable of supporting 16-bit?
|
|
Back: Intel 8086
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710955846975-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Basic
|
|
What was the first x86 processor capable of supporting 32-bit?
|
|
Back: Intel i386
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710955846977-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Basic
|
|
What was the first x86 processor capable of supporting 64-bit?
|
|
Back: AMD Opteron
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710955846980-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Basic
|
|
Which company released the first 16-bit version of the x86 architecture?
|
|
Back: Intel.
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710955846983-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Basic
|
|
Which company released the first 32-bit version of the x86 architecture?
|
|
Back: Intel.
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710955846985-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Basic
|
|
Which company released the first 64-bit version of the x86 architecture?
|
|
Back: AMD.
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710955846987-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Basic
|
|
In which decade was the Opteron released?
|
|
Back: The 2000s.
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710955846989-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Basic
|
|
What is the significance of the 8086 in x86's history?
|
|
Back: This processor introduced the x86 architecture.
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710955846991-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Basic
|
|
What is the significance of the i386 in x86's history?
|
|
Back: This processor introduced the 32-bit version of the x86 architecture.
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710955846994-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Basic
|
|
What is the significance of the Opteron in x86's history?
|
|
Back: This processor introduced the 64-bit version of the x86 architecture.
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710955846996-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Cloze
|
|
The 8086 is {1:16}-bit whereas the Opteron is {1:64}-bit.
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710955846999-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
%%ANKI
|
|
Basic
|
|
What is AMD64?
|
|
Back: Another name for x86-64.
|
|
Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
|
|
<!--ID: 1710955847001-->
|
|
END%%
|
|
|
|
## Bibliography
|
|
|
|
* Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016. |