15 KiB
| title | TARGET DECK | FILE TAGS | tags | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regular Expressions | Obsidian::STEM | regexp |
|
Overview
The following ERE (Extended Regular Expression) operators were defined to achieve consistency between programs like grep, sed, and awk. In POSIX, regexps are greedy.
%%ANKI Cloze Regular expressions are either {greedy} or {lazy}. Reference: “POSIX Basic Regular Expressions,” accessed February 4, 2024, https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Regular_Expressions/POSIX_Basic_Regular_Expressions.
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%%ANKI Basic Are POSIX regexps greedy or lazy? Back: Greedy. Reference: Robbins, Arnold D. “GAWK: Effective AWK Programming,” October 2023. https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/gawk.pdf
END%%
%%ANKI Basic What does it mean for a regexp to be greedy? Back: The regexp matches as many characters as it can. Reference: “POSIX Basic Regular Expressions,” accessed February 4, 2024, https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Regular_Expressions/POSIX_Basic_Regular_Expressions.
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%%ANKI Basic What does it mean for a regexp to be lazy? Back: The regexp matches as few characters as it can. Reference: “POSIX Basic Regular Expressions,” accessed February 4, 2024, https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Regular_Expressions/POSIX_Basic_Regular_Expressions.
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%%ANKI
Basic
What is the POSIX ERE standard?
Back: The Extended Regular Expression standard. A standard based off of regexps accepted by egrep.
Reference: “POSIX Basic Regular Expressions,” accessed February 4, 2024, https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Regular_Expressions/POSIX_Basic_Regular_Expressions.
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.matches any single character.- There exist application-specific exclusions. For instance, newlines and the
NULcharacter are often ignored.
- There exist application-specific exclusions. For instance, newlines and the
%%ANKI
Cloze
The {.} operator matches {any single character}.
Reference: “POSIX Basic Regular Expressions,” accessed February 4, 2024, https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Regular_Expressions/POSIX_Basic_Regular_Expressions.
END%%
%%ANKI
Basic
What two common exclusions are made with .?
Back: Newlines and the NUL character.
Reference: Robbins, Arnold D. “GAWK: Effective AWK Programming,” October 2023. https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/gawk.pdf
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[...], the bracket expression, matches any enclosed character.- An optional
-can be included to denote a range. -is treated literally if its the first or last specified character.]is treated literally if its the first specified character.^complements the set if its the first specified character.
- An optional
%%ANKI
Basic
What name is given to the [...] operator?
Back: The bracket expression.
Reference: “POSIX Basic Regular Expressions,” accessed February 4, 2024, https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Regular_Expressions/POSIX_Basic_Regular_Expressions.
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%%ANKI
Basic
What three characters are interpreted specially in a bracket expression?
Back: ^, -, and ]
Reference: “POSIX Basic Regular Expressions,” accessed February 4, 2024, https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Regular_Expressions/POSIX_Basic_Regular_Expressions.
END%%
%%ANKI
Basic
When is - interpreted literally in a bracket expression?
Back: When it is the first or last specified character.
Reference: “POSIX Basic Regular Expressions,” accessed February 4, 2024, https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Regular_Expressions/POSIX_Basic_Regular_Expressions.
END%%
%%ANKI
Basic
When is ^ interpreted literally in a bracket expression?
Back: When it is not the first specified character.
Reference: “POSIX Basic Regular Expressions,” accessed February 4, 2024, https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Regular_Expressions/POSIX_Basic_Regular_Expressions.
END%%
%%ANKI
Basic
When is ] interpreted literally in a bracket expression?
Back: When it is the first specified character.
Reference: “POSIX Basic Regular Expressions,” accessed February 4, 2024, https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Regular_Expressions/POSIX_Basic_Regular_Expressions.
END%%
^is the leading anchor. It matches the starting position of a string.$is the trailing anchor. It matches the ending position of a string.
%%ANKI
Cloze
The {^} operator matches {the starting position of a string}.
Reference: “POSIX Basic Regular Expressions,” accessed February 4, 2024, https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Regular_Expressions/POSIX_Basic_Regular_Expressions.
END%%
%%ANKI
Cloze
The {$$} operator matches {the ending position of a string}.
Reference: “POSIX Basic Regular Expressions,” accessed February 4, 2024, https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Regular_Expressions/POSIX_Basic_Regular_Expressions.
END%%
%%ANKI
Basic
^ and $$ belong to what operator category?
Back: Anchors.
Reference: “POSIX Basic Regular Expressions,” accessed February 4, 2024, https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Regular_Expressions/POSIX_Basic_Regular_Expressions.
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*matches the preceding element zero or more times.+matches the preceding element one or more times.?matches the preceding element zero or one times.
%%ANKI
Basic
What does the * operator do?
Back: Matches the preceding element zero or more times.
Reference: “POSIX Basic Regular Expressions,” accessed February 4, 2024, https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Regular_Expressions/POSIX_Basic_Regular_Expressions.
END%%
%%ANKI
Basic
How is the * operator written equivalently as an interval expression?
Back: {0,}
Reference: “POSIX Basic Regular Expressions,” accessed February 4, 2024, https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Regular_Expressions/POSIX_Basic_Regular_Expressions.
END%%
%%ANKI
Basic
What does the + operator do?
Back: Matches the preceding element one or more times.
Reference: “POSIX Basic Regular Expressions,” accessed February 4, 2024, https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Regular_Expressions/POSIX_Basic_Regular_Expressions.
END%%
%%ANKI
Basic
How is the + operator written equivalently as an interval expression?
Back: {1,}
Reference: “POSIX Basic Regular Expressions,” accessed February 4, 2024, https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Regular_Expressions/POSIX_Basic_Regular_Expressions.
END%%
%%ANKI
Basic
What does the ? operator do?
Back: Matches the preceding element zero or one times.
Reference: “POSIX Basic Regular Expressions,” accessed February 4, 2024, https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Regular_Expressions/POSIX_Basic_Regular_Expressions.
END%%
%%ANKI
Basic
How is the ? operator written equivalently as an interval expression?
Back: {0,1}
Reference: “POSIX Basic Regular Expressions,” accessed February 4, 2024, https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Regular_Expressions/POSIX_Basic_Regular_Expressions.
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{n}, an interval expression, matches the preceding elementntimes.{n,}matches the preceding element at leastntimes.{n,m}matches the preceding element betweennandmtimes.- Interval expressions cannot contain repetition counts
> 255. Results are otherwise undefined.
%%ANKI
Basic
What name is given to the e.g. {n,m} operator?
Back: The interval expression.
Reference: Robbins, Arnold D. “GAWK: Effective AWK Programming,” October 2023. https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/gawk.pdf
END%%
%%ANKI
Basic
What does the {n} operator do?
Back: Matches the preceding element n times.
Reference: Robbins, Arnold D. “GAWK: Effective AWK Programming,” October 2023. https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/gawk.pdf
END%%
%%ANKI
Basic
What does the {n,} operator do?
Back: Matches the preceding element at least n times.
Reference: Robbins, Arnold D. “GAWK: Effective AWK Programming,” October 2023. https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/gawk.pdf
END%%
%%ANKI
Basic
What does the {n,m} operator do?
Back: Matches the preceding element between n and m times.
Reference: Robbins, Arnold D. “GAWK: Effective AWK Programming,” October 2023. https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/gawk.pdf
END%%
|is the alternation operator. It allows specifying match alternatives.
%%ANKI
Basic
What name is given to the e.g. | operator?
Back: The alternation operator.
Reference: Robbins, Arnold D. “GAWK: Effective AWK Programming,” October 2023. https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/gawk.pdf
END%%
%%ANKI
Basic
What does the | operator do?
Back: Matches different regexp alternatives.
Reference: Robbins, Arnold D. “GAWK: Effective AWK Programming,” October 2023. https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/gawk.pdf
END%%
%%ANKI
Basic
Which regexp operator has the least precedence?
Back: |
Reference: Robbins, Arnold D. “GAWK: Effective AWK Programming,” October 2023. https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/gawk.pdf
END%%
Character Classes
Notation for describing a class of characters specific to a given locale/character set.
%%ANKI Basic What portability issue do character classes introduce? Back: Matching characters are dependent on locale/character set. Reference: Robbins, Arnold D. “GAWK: Effective AWK Programming,” October 2023. https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/gawk.pdf
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%%ANKI
Basic
How are character classes denoted?
Back: [:class:]
Reference: Robbins, Arnold D. “GAWK: Effective AWK Programming,” October 2023. https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/gawk.pdf
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| Class | Similar To | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
[:alnum:] |
[A-Za-z0-9] |
Alphanumeric characters |
[:alpha:] |
[A-Za-z] |
Alphabetic characters |
[:blank:] |
[ \t] |
' ' and TAB characters |
[:cntrl:] |
Control characters | |
[:digit:] |
[0-9] |
Numeric characters |
[:graph:] |
[^ [:cntrl:]] |
Printable and visible characters |
[:lower:] |
[a-z] |
Lowercase alphabetic characters |
[:print:] |
[ [:graph:]] |
Printable characters |
[:punct:] |
All graphic characters except letters and digits | |
[:space:] |
[ \t\n\r\f\v] |
Whitespace characters |
[:upper:] |
[A-Z] |
Uppercase alphabetic characters |
[:xdigit:] |
[0-9A-Fa-f] |
radices#Hexadecimal digits |
%%ANKI Basic Generally speaking, what is a printable character? Back: Characters that can be displayed on screen or printed on paper. Reference: Robbins, Arnold D. “GAWK: Effective AWK Programming,” October 2023. https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/gawk.pdf
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%%ANKI
Basic
Is 'a' (i.e. the letter a) printable and/or visible?
Back: It is printable and visible.
Reference: Robbins, Arnold D. “GAWK: Effective AWK Programming,” October 2023. https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/gawk.pdf
END%%
%%ANKI
Basic
Is ' ' (i.e. the space character) printable and/or visible?
Back: It is printable but not visible.
Reference: Robbins, Arnold D. “GAWK: Effective AWK Programming,” October 2023. https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/gawk.pdf
END%%
%%ANKI
Basic
Is '\t' (i.e. the tab character) printable and/or visible?
Back: It is neither printable nor visible.
Reference: Robbins, Arnold D. “GAWK: Effective AWK Programming,” October 2023. https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/gawk.pdf
END%%
Bibliography
- “POSIX Basic Regular Expressions,” accessed February 4, 2024, https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Regular_Expressions/POSIX_Basic_Regular_Expressions.
- Robbins, Arnold D. “GAWK: Effective AWK Programming,” October 2023. https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/gawk.pdf