Start adding x86-64 notes.

2024-03-22 08:10:08 -06:00 · 2024-03-22 08:10:08 -06:00 · 091521c382
parent 3b6d9d89c5
commit 091521c382
15 changed files with 452 additions and 64 deletions
--- a/notes/.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-to-anki-plugin/data.json
+++ b/notes/.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-to-anki-plugin/data.json
@ -146,7 +146,7 @@
    "algorithms/loop-invariants.md": "cbefc346842c21a6cce5c5edce451eb2",
    "algorithms/loop-invariant.md": "e39f4aa253f0baf908067bea81f6bced",
    "algorithms/running-time.md": "5efc0791097d2c996f931c9046c95f65",
-    "algorithms/order-growth.md": "53d41d9abbd1d8118793bad3996d249a",
+    "algorithms/order-growth.md": "513ea484fcdc184170205a425be77742",
    "_journal/2024-02-08.md": "19092bdfe378f31e2774f20d6afbfbac",
    "algorithms/sorting/selection-sort.md": "5ba56adddaf07653290af88f998f6c4a",
    "algorithms/index 1.md": "6fada1f3d5d3af64687719eb465a5b97",
@ -209,16 +209,16 @@
    "combinatorics/inclusion-exclusion.md": "202a60120d451676d44df4d0be30a45a",
    "_journal/2024-02-21.md": "b9d944ecebe625da5dd72aeea6a916a2",
    "_journal/2024-02/2024-02-20.md": "af2ef10727726200c4defe2eafc7d841",
-    "algebra/radices.md": "03b8452798a6fd4ec5af526371309c4f",
+    "algebra/radices.md": "0a7c37531c6ae4406e1c9e894166ffbe",
    "_journal/2024-02-22.md": "e01f1d4bd2f7ac2a667cdfd500885a2a",
    "_journal/2024-02/2024-02-21.md": "f423137ae550eb958378750d1f5e98c7",
    "_journal/2024-02-23.md": "219ce9ad15a8733edd476c97628b71fd",
    "_journal/2024-02/2024-02-22.md": "312e55d57868026f6e80f7989a889c2b",
-    "c17/strings.md": "b9d2efd54b9a06f50042fb2714dedbf4",
+    "c17/strings.md": "3cedaa7a28f779e24c2665c7afdcf19a",
    "c17/index.md": "78576ee41d0185df82c59999142f4edb",
    "c17/escape-sequences.md": "a8b99070336878b4e8c11e9e4525a500",
    "c17/declarations.md": "cec6866dff8ad160467df62cfceb6872",
-    "algorithms/sorting/merge-sort.md": "e0e9108566d2de0ff9fd211a573fca8d",
+    "algorithms/sorting/merge-sort.md": "a04394c72bd35bd84fe796bbc8ed1a0a",
    "_journal/2024-02-24.md": "9bb319d5014caf962a9ce3141076cff4",
    "_journal/2024-02/2024-02-23.md": "0aad297148e8cc4058b48b7e45787ca7",
    "_journal/2024-02-25.md": "fb1a48208c11d12262facc647749ca6f",
@ -233,7 +233,7 @@
    "filesystems/cas.md": "34906013a2a60fe5ee0e31809b4838aa",
    "git/objects.md": "e9b98576291ca04496c2f0863f526cfa",
    "git/index.md": "83d2d95fc549d9e8436946c7bd058d15",
-    "encoding/integer.md": "6b9e0589706f57089a1c2ede93dc43b8",
+    "encoding/integer.md": "d4866b6e236c3a67631d03582996eca2",
    "_journal/2024-02-29.md": "f610f3caed659c1de3eed5f226cab508",
    "_journal/2024-02/2024-02-28.md": "7489377c014a2ff3c535d581961b5b82",
    "_journal/2024-03-01.md": "a532486279190b0c12954966cbf8c3fe",
@ -278,24 +278,30 @@
    "_journal/2024-03/2024-03-15.md": "e54b2513beac5f46313b4c37622adf39",
    "_journal/2024-03-17.md": "72e99c7630085aee2c7f340a06b5ada7",
    "_journal/2024-03/2024-03-16.md": "ab7629c24ebe70838072cf6acec47cb0",
-    "encoding/floating-point.md": "376c963b043e4f4f603b2eaa3cfdb8ae",
+    "encoding/floating-point.md": "83c663e3ecc51498968010d1931bd794",
    "_journal/2024-03-18.md": "8479f07f63136a4e16c9cd07dbf2f27f",
    "_journal/2024-03/2024-03-17.md": "23f9672f5c93a6de52099b1b86834e8b",
    "set/directed-graph.md": "b4b8ad1be634a0a808af125fe8577a53",
    "set/index.md": "b82a215fbee3c576186fc1af93c82fcb",
-    "set/graphs.md": "dda79b615896d19a3041fbc0ee16b1da",
+    "set/graphs.md": "82c4938f9f6479c75d946c8e1263a5a1",
    "_journal/2024-03-19.md": "a0807691819725bf44c0262405e97cbb",
    "_journal/2024-03/2024-03-18.md": "63c3c843fc6cfc2cd289ac8b7b108391",
    "awk/variables.md": "e40a20545358228319f789243d8b9f77",
    "awk/regexp.md": "4ce38103575a5321a1503b28e1d714dd",
    "awk/index.md": "257738d2d864933fb4bd21e8609c525d",
-    "_journal/2024-03-20.md": "9f6ff3e38774f6a90e0dc606b201303d",
+    "_journal/2024-03-20.md": "2403b0aebe301123192cfa1085f0d874",
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    "posix/awk/variables.md": "cc7e912c7fbda552d27e2064d84d15a5",
    "posix/awk/regexp.md": "46ceac3d5225ea3f3a375d74c2e2e0e9",
    "posix/awk/index.md": "cac4a1db94f9fc39c5e63ff6994b76aa",
-    "assembly/x86.md": "ff0f19c990e16008caa34dd51b2693b7",
-    "assembly/index.md": "0cd9daf2c60c7181b6aec9aaf62a13ba"
+    "x86-64/assembly.md": "6c4905468f3936ae260b281e2acd7ffc",
+    "x86-64/index.md": "4769ab45ca374c4225c9c4099220be82",
+    "_journal/2024-03-21.md": "a2572d2d5be0ee7c7f066d846e2f3e77",
+    "_journal/2024-03/2024-03-20.md": "0a73ce399d275fe6ee3134a812f3f4f9",
+    "_journal/2024-03-22.md": "6c14bacf3e8834359f8512b7d7055acc",
+    "_journal/2024-03/2024-03-21.md": "cd465f71800b080afa5c6bdc75bf9cd3",
+    "x86-64/declarations.md": "60f5b240ea5565b33dc3585169fc41b1",
+    "x86-64/instructions.md": "c4b116179d2bd1f9510437e000f9c63d"
  },
  "fields_dict": {
    "Basic": [
--- a/notes/_journal/2024-03-22.md
+++ b/notes/_journal/2024-03-22.md
@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+title: "2024-03-22"
+---
+
+- [x] Anki Flashcards
+- [x] KoL
+- [ ] Sheet Music (10 min.)
+- [ ] Go (1 Life & Death Problem)
+- [ ] Korean (Read 1 Story)
+- [ ] Interview Prep (1 Practice Problem)
+- [ ] Log Work Hours (Max 3 hours)
+
+* Reach section 3.3 of "Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective".
+	* Basic [[x86-64/declarations|Intel data types]] and historical context around their naming.
--- a/notes/_journal/2024-03/2024-03-20.md
+++ b/notes/_journal/2024-03/2024-03-20.md
@ -7,14 +7,21 @@ title: "2024-03-20"
 - [ ] Sheet Music (10 min.)
 - [ ] Go (1 Life & Death Problem)
 - [ ] Korean (Read 1 Story)
- [ ] Interview Prep (1 Practice Problem)
- [ ] Log Work Hours (Max 3 hours)
+- [x] Interview Prep (1 Practice Problem)
+- [x] Log Work Hours (Max 3 hours)

 * Purged some Anki flashcards with tags: `lua`, `cncf`. In general, want to avoid on this next pass including any sort of flashcards around languages outside of C and:
+	* Bash
 	* Lean
 	* Nix
-	* Assembly
+	* SQL
+	* x86-64 Assembly
+	* I also want to avoid learning general syntax (specific gotchas are reasonable) over general concepts where it makes sense.
 * Made distinctions in flashcards between POSIX `awk` features and GNU `awk` features. Only a few exceptions that may have been misleading so far (GNU's implementation allowing `FS` to be null and `RS` to be a regexp).
 	* Actually, going further, just removing this altogether. I'll continue reading about `awk` but I'm not interested in translating into flashcards unless it turns out I really start using it heavily.
 * Read Chapter 5 "Printing" in "GAWK: Effective AWK Programming".
-* Notes on [[x86]] history.
+* Notes on [[instructions]] history.
+* Leetcode Problems
+	* [Pow(x, n)](https://leetcode.com/problems/powx-n/)
+	* [Group Anagrams](https://leetcode.com/problems/group-anagrams/)
+* Basic pass for a type-safe spreadsheet program.
--- a/notes/_journal/2024-03/2024-03-21.md
+++ b/notes/_journal/2024-03/2024-03-21.md
@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+---
+title: "2024-03-21"
+---
+
+- [x] Anki Flashcards
+- [x] KoL
+- [ ] Sheet Music (10 min.)
+- [ ] Go (1 Life & Death Problem)
+- [ ] Korean (Read 1 Story)
+- [ ] Interview Prep (1 Practice Problem)
+- [x] Log Work Hours (Max 3 hours)
+
+* Talked with Mike about chapter 3 and 4 of "Designing Data-Intensive Applications"
+* Finished Level 4 Update for D&D campaign.
+* Created the "Hierarchy of Goals" worksheet for the soft-skills course.
--- a/notes/algebra/radices.md
+++ b/notes/algebra/radices.md
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ The **radix** is the number of unique digits used to represent numbers in a posi
 %%ANKI
 Basic
 What is the process of subtracting a larger digit from a smaller one in radix $r$?
-Back: Decrement the next non-zero and add $r$ to the smaller digit in question.
+Back: Decrement the next nonzero and add $r$ to the smaller digit in question.
 Reference: “Radix,” in *Wikipedia*, August 6, 2023, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radix&oldid=1169046173](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radix&oldid=1169046173).
 <!--ID: 1708534662981-->
 END%%
--- a/notes/algorithms/order-growth.md
+++ b/notes/algorithms/order-growth.md
@ -995,7 +995,7 @@ END%%
 %%ANKI
 Basic
 What theorem relates $\Theta(g(n))$, $O(g(n))$, and $\Omega(g(n))$?
-Back: $f(n) = \Theta(g(n))$ if and only if $f(n) \in O(g(n))$ and $f(n) \in \Omega(g(n))$.
+Back: $f(n) = \Theta(g(n))$ if and only if $f(n) = O(g(n))$ and $f(n) = \Omega(g(n))$.
 Reference: Thomas H. Cormen et al., Introduction to Algorithms, Fourth edition (Cambridge, Massachusett: The MIT Press, 2022).
 <!--ID: 1709055157406-->
 END%%
--- a/notes/algorithms/sorting/merge-sort.md
+++ b/notes/algorithms/sorting/merge-sort.md
@ -9,14 +9,14 @@ tags:

 ## Overview

-Property    | Value
----------- | --------
-Best Case   | $\Omega(n\lg{n})$
-Worst Case  | $O(n\lg{n})$
-Avg. Case   | $O(n\lg{n})$
-Aux. Memory | -
-Stable      | -
-Adaptive    | -
+| Property    | Value             |
+| ----------- | ----------------- |
+| Best Case   | $\Omega(n\lg{n})$ |
+| Worst Case  | $O(n\lg{n})$      |
+| Avg. Case   | $O(n\lg{n})$      |
+| Aux. Memory | $O(n)$            |
+| Stable      | -                 |
+| Adaptive    | -                 |

 ![[merge-sort.gif]]

@ -52,6 +52,14 @@ Reference: Thomas H. Cormen et al., Introduction to Algorithms, Fourth edition (
 <!--ID: 1708742467115-->
 END%%

+%%ANKI
+Basic
+How much auxiliary space does `MERGE_SORT` use?
+Back: $O(n)$
+Reference: Thomas H. Cormen et al., Introduction to Algorithms, Fourth edition (Cambridge, Massachusett: The MIT Press, 2022).
+<!--ID: 1711024614320-->
+END%%
+
 %%ANKI
 Basic
 What is the "divide" step of `MERGE_SORT`?
--- a/notes/assembly/index.md
+++ b/notes/assembly/index.md
@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
---
-title: Assembly
-TARGET DECK: Obsidian::STEM
-FILE TAGS: asm
-tags:
-  - asm
---
--- a/notes/c17/strings.md
+++ b/notes/c17/strings.md
@ -80,13 +80,13 @@ Tags: printf
 <!--ID: 1708425941269-->
 END%%

-Flag | Description
---- | -----------
-`-`  | Left-aligns the output
-`+`  | Prepends a plus for positive signed-numeric types
-`␣`  | Prepends a space for positive signed-numeric types
-`0`  | Prepends zeros for numeric types
-`#`  | For `g` and `G`, trailing zeros are not removed. For `f`, `F`, `e`, `E`, `g`, and `G`, output always has a decimal point. For `o`, `x`, and `X`, the text `0`, `0x`, and `0X` is prepended to non-zero numbers respectively.
+| Flag | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
+| ---- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `-`  | Left-aligns the output                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+| `+`  | Prepends a plus for positive signed-numeric types                                                                                                                                                                           |
+| `␣`  | Prepends a space for positive signed-numeric types                                                                                                                                                                          |
+| `0`  | Prepends zeros for numeric types                                                                                                                                                                                            |
+| `#`  | For `g` and `G`, trailing zeros are not removed. For `f`, `F`, `e`, `E`, `g`, and `G`, output always has a decimal point. For `o`, `x`, and `X`, the text `0`, `0x`, and `0X` is prepended to nonzero numbers respectively. |

 %%ANKI
 Cloze
--- a/notes/encoding/floating-point.md
+++ b/notes/encoding/floating-point.md
@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ Declaration | Sign Bit | Exponent Field | Fractional Field

 %%ANKI
 Basic
-In base-10 scientific notation, what form do non-zero numbers take on?
+In base-10 scientific notation, what form do nonzero numbers take on?
 Back: $m \times 10^n$
 Reference: “Scientific Notation.” In _Wikipedia_, March 6, 2024. [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scientific_notation&oldid=1212169750](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scientific_notation&oldid=1212169750).
 <!--ID: 1710556914921-->
@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ END%%
 %%ANKI
 Basic
 In base-10 scientific notation, what numbers does $m$ take on in form $m \times 10^n$?
-Back: A non-zero real number.
+Back: A nonzero real number.
 Reference: “Scientific Notation.” In _Wikipedia_, March 6, 2024. [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scientific_notation&oldid=1212169750](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scientific_notation&oldid=1212169750).
 <!--ID: 1710556914926-->
 END%%
@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ END%%

 %%ANKI
 Basic
-In base-2 scientific notation, what form do non-zero numbers take on?
+In base-2 scientific notation, what form do nonzero numbers take on?
 Back: $m \times 2^n$
 Reference: “Scientific Notation.” In _Wikipedia_, March 6, 2024. [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scientific_notation&oldid=1212169750](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scientific_notation&oldid=1212169750).
 <!--ID: 1710556914939-->
@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ END%%
 %%ANKI
 Basic
 In base-2 scientific notation, what numbers does $m$ take on in form $m \times 2^n$?
-Back: A non-zero real number.
+Back: A nonzero real number.
 Reference: “Scientific Notation.” In _Wikipedia_, March 6, 2024. [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scientific_notation&oldid=1212169750](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scientific_notation&oldid=1212169750).
 <!--ID: 1710556914943-->
 END%%
@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ END%%
 %%ANKI
 Basic
 What is the actual bit encoding of floating-point number $NaN$?
-Back: An exponent field of all `1`s and a non-zero fractional field.
+Back: An exponent field of all `1`s and a nonzero fractional field.
 Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
 <!--ID: 1710556915092-->
 END%%
@ -1062,7 +1062,7 @@ END%%

 %%ANKI
 Basic
-How is floating-point `1.40` rounded in round-to-even mode?
+How is floating-point `1.40` rounded to an integer in round-to-even mode?
 Back: `1`
 Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
 <!--ID: 1710680824759-->
@ -1070,7 +1070,7 @@ END%%

 %%ANKI
 Basic
-How is floating-point `1.50` rounded in round-to-even mode?
+How is floating-point `1.50` rounded to an integer in round-to-even mode?
 Back: `2`
 Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
 <!--ID: 1710680824761-->
@ -1078,7 +1078,7 @@ END%%

 %%ANKI
 Basic
-How is floating-point `1.60` rounded in round-to-even mode?
+How is floating-point `1.60` rounded to an integer in round-to-even mode?
 Back: `2`
 Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
 <!--ID: 1710680824763-->
@ -1086,7 +1086,7 @@ END%%

 %%ANKI
 Basic
-How is floating-point `-1.50` rounded in round-to-even mode?
+How is floating-point `-1.50` rounded to an integer in round-to-even mode?
 Back: `-2`
 Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
 <!--ID: 1710680824765-->
@ -1094,7 +1094,7 @@ END%%

 %%ANKI
 Basic
-How is floating-point `1.40` rounded in round-to-zero mode?
+How is floating-point `1.40` rounded to an integer in round-to-zero mode?
 Back: `1`
 Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
 <!--ID: 1710680824767-->
@ -1102,7 +1102,7 @@ END%%

 %%ANKI
 Basic
-How is floating-point `1.50` rounded in round-to-zero mode?
+How is floating-point `1.50` rounded to an integer in round-to-zero mode?
 Back: `1`
 Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
 <!--ID: 1710680824769-->
@ -1110,7 +1110,7 @@ END%%

 %%ANKI
 Basic
-How is floating-point `-1.50` rounded in round-to-zero mode?
+How is floating-point `-1.50` rounded to an integer in round-to-zero mode?
 Back: `-1`
 Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
 <!--ID: 1710680824771-->
@ -1118,7 +1118,7 @@ END%%

 %%ANKI
 Basic
-How is floating-point `1.40` rounded in round-down mode?
+How is floating-point `1.40` rounded to an integer in round-down mode?
 Back: `1`
 Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
 <!--ID: 1710680824774-->
@ -1126,7 +1126,7 @@ END%%

 %%ANKI
 Basic
-How is floating-point `1.50` rounded in round-down mode?
+How is floating-point `1.50` rounded to an integer in round-down mode?
 Back: `1`
 Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
 <!--ID: 1710680824776-->
@ -1134,7 +1134,7 @@ END%%

 %%ANKI
 Basic
-How is floating-point `-1.50` rounded in round-down mode?
+How is floating-point `-1.50` rounded to an integer in round-down mode?
 Back: `-2`
 Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
 <!--ID: 1710680824778-->
@ -1142,7 +1142,7 @@ END%%

 %%ANKI
 Basic
-How is floating-point `1.40` rounded in round-up mode?
+How is floating-point `1.40` rounded to an integer in round-up mode?
 Back: `2`
 Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
 <!--ID: 1710680824780-->
@ -1150,7 +1150,7 @@ END%%

 %%ANKI
 Basic
-How is floating-point `1.50` rounded in round-up mode?
+How is floating-point `1.50` rounded to an integer in round-up mode?
 Back: `2`
 Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
 <!--ID: 1710680824782-->
@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ END%%

 %%ANKI
 Basic
-How is floating-point `-1.50` rounded in round-up mode?
+How is floating-point `-1.50` rounded to an integer in round-up mode?
 Back: `-1`
 Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
 <!--ID: 1710680824785-->
@ -1207,7 +1207,7 @@ END%%
 %%ANKI
 Basic
 How does the IEEE floating-point standard define $1/+0$?
-Back: $\infty$
+Back: $+\infty$
 Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
 <!--ID: 1710680824798-->
 END%%
@ -1312,7 +1312,7 @@ END%%

 %%ANKI
 Basic
-What is the result of $x *^f* y$?
+What is the result of $x *^f y$?
 Back: $Round(x * y)$ where $Round$ refers to the current rounding-mode.
 Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
 <!--ID: 1710680824827-->
--- a/notes/encoding/integer.md
+++ b/notes/encoding/integer.md
@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ END%%

 %%ANKI
 Basic
-Why is two's-complement named the way it is?
+Why is it "two's-complement" instead of "twos'-complement"?
 Back: Because there is only one $2$ in $2^w - x$.
 Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
 <!--ID: 1709060837130-->
--- a/notes/set/graphs.md
+++ b/notes/set/graphs.md
@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ END%%

 %%ANKI
 Basic
-Let $G = \langle V, E \rangle$ be a undirected graph. What conditions must $E$ satisfy?
+Let $G = \langle V, E \rangle$ be an undirected graph. What conditions must $E$ satisfy?
 Back: It is a set of unordered pairs of vertices.
 Reference: Thomas H. Cormen et al., Introduction to Algorithms, Fourth edition (Cambridge, Massachusett: The MIT Press, 2022).
 <!--ID: 1710793937813-->
--- a/notes/x86-64/declarations.md
+++ b/notes/x86-64/declarations.md
@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+---
+title: Declarations
+TARGET DECK: Obsidian::STEM
+FILE TAGS: x86-64
+tags:
+  - x86-64
+---
+
+## Overview
+
+| C Declaration | Intel Data Type  | Suffix | Size (bytes) |
+| ------------- | ---------------- | ------ | ------------ |
+| `char`        | Byte             | `b`    | 1            |
+| `short`       | Word             | `w`    | 2            |
+| `int`         | Double word      | `l`    | 4            |
+| `long`        | Quad word        | `q`    | 8            |
+| `char *`      | Quad word        | `q`    | 8            |
+| `float`       | Single-precision | `s`    | 4            |
+| `double`      | Double-precision | `l`    | 8            |
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is the width of a word?
+Back: 16 bits.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1711116523806-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What historical reason explains why a word is 16 bits?
+Back: Because the 8086 that introduced x86 was 16 bits.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1711116523813-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is the width of an Intel "byte"?
+Back: $8$ bits
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1711116523816-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Which Intel data types are 1 bytes wide?
+Back: Just the "byte".
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1711116523818-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Cloze
+The "{byte}" Intel data type has assembly-code suffix {`b`}.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1711116523821-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is the width of an Intel  "word"?
+Back: $16$ bits
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1711116523824-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Which Intel data types are 2 bytes wide?
+Back: Just the "word".
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1711116523827-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Cloze
+The "{word}" Intel data type has assembly-code suffix {`w`}.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1711116523830-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is the width of an Intel "double word"?
+Back: $32$ bits
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1711116523833-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Which Intel data types are 4 bytes wide?
+Back: The double word and single-precision.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1711116523836-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Cloze
+The "{double word/double-precision}" Intel data type has assembly-code suffix {`l`}.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1711116523839-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+*Why* do double words have assembly-code suffix `l`?
+Back: The suffix stands for "long", relative to a 16-bit word.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1711116523842-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is the width of an Intel  "quad word"?
+Back: $64$ bits
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1711116523846-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Which Intel data types are 8 bytes wide?
+Back: The quad word and double-precision.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1711116523850-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Cloze
+The "{quad word}" Intel data type has assembly-code suffix {`q`}.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1711116523853-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Cloze
+C integral declaration {`char`} corresponds to Intel data type "{byte}".
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+Tags: c17
+<!--ID: 1711116523858-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Cloze
+C integral declaration {`short`} corresponds to Intel data type "{word}".
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+Tags: c17
+<!--ID: 1711116523862-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Cloze
+C integral declaration {`int`} corresponds to Intel data type "{double word}".
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+Tags: c17
+<!--ID: 1711116523866-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Cloze
+C integral declaration {`long`} corresponds to Intel data type "{quad word}".
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+Tags: c17
+<!--ID: 1711116523870-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Cloze
+C declaration `char *` corresponds to Intel data type "{quad word}".
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+Tags: c17
+<!--ID: 1711116523874-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Cloze
+C floating-point declaration {`float`} corresponds to Intel data type "{single-precision}".
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+Tags: c17
+<!--ID: 1711116523877-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Cloze
+The "{single-precision}" Intel data type has assembly-code suffix {`s`}.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1711116523881-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Cloze
+C floating-point declaration {`double`} corresponds to Intel data type "{double-precision}".
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+Tags: c17
+<!--ID: 1711116523885-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is the width of an Intel "singe precision"?
+Back: $32$ bits
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1711116523889-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What two Intel data types do floating-point numbers come in?
+Back: Single-precision and double-precision.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1711116523893-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Assembly-code suffix `l` is used for what two Intel data types?
+Back: Double words and double-precisions.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1711116523898-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is the width of an Intel  "double-precision"?
+Back: $64$ bits
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1711116523903-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Why is it safe for double words and double-precisions to both use assembly-code suffix `l`?
+Back: Floating-point code uses a different set of instructions and registers.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1711116523908-->
+END%%
+
+## References
+
+* Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
--- a/notes/x86-64/index.md
+++ b/notes/x86-64/index.md
@ -1,16 +1,54 @@
 ---
-title: x86
+title: Assembly
 TARGET DECK: Obsidian::STEM
-FILE TAGS: asm::x86
+FILE TAGS: x86-64
 tags:
-  - asm
-  - x86
+  - x86-64
 ---

 ## Overview

 x86 refers to the architecture first introduced by Intel with their 8086 processor (1978). Intel's i386 (1985), originally named the 80386, expanded the architecture to 32-bits. AMD's Opteron (2003) expanded it again to 64-bits.

+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What *is* an ISA?
+Back: A specification describing how a processor behaves.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1710959313830-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is ISA an acronym for?
+Back: **I**nstruction **s**et **a**rchitecture.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1710959313835-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is a microarchitecture?
+Back: The way an ISA is implemented in a particular processor.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1710959313839-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+How is the term "microarchitecture" often abbreviated?
+Back: uarch
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1710959313843-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Cloze
+A {microarchitecture} is an implementation of an {ISA}.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1710959313848-->
+END%%
+
 %%ANKI
 Basic
 Which company invented x86?
--- a/notes/x86-64/instructions.md
+++ b/notes/x86-64/instructions.md
@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+---
+title: Instructions
+TARGET DECK: Obsidian::STEM
+FILE TAGS: x86-64
+tags:
+  - x86-64
+---
+
+## Overview
+
+x86-64 instructions are designed so that commonly used instructions and those with fewer operands are encoded in a smaller number of bytes. Instructions range in length from 1 to 15 bytes.
+
+x86-64 assembly comes in two flavors: ATT and Intel. ATT is most common in Linux systems so I focus on that. The most important distinction between the two is operand ordering: Intel syntax lists multiple operands in reverse order compared to ATT.
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+x86-64 assembly comes in what two formats?
+Back: ATT and Intel.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1710959313804-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Which x86-64 assembly format does Linux use?
+Back: ATT.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1710959313810-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Which x86-64 assembly format does Microsoft use?
+Back: Intel.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1710959313814-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is the "most confusing" difference between ATT and Intel assembly?
+Back: Multiple operands in one are listed in reverse order relative to the other.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1710959313818-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What term describes assembly lines with a leading `.`?
+Back: Directives.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1710959313822-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Assembly directives are important for what two programs?
+Back: The assembler and the linker.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1710959313826-->
+END%%
+
+## References
+
+* Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.