C lvalues/rvalues, objects, and values.

2024-08-12 19:05:18 -06:00 · 2024-08-12 19:05:18 -06:00 · d5bb63618f
parent 9101fa8a7a
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    "Basic": [
--- a/notes/_journal/2024-08-12.md
+++ b/notes/_journal/2024-08-12.md
@ -8,4 +8,5 @@ title: "2024-08-12"
 - [ ] Sheet Music (10 min.)
 - [ ] Korean (Read 1 Story)

-* Add more SET condition code checks.
+* Add more SET condition code checks.
+* Notes on C lvalues and rvalues, objects and values.
--- a/notes/c17/declarations.md
+++ b/notes/c17/declarations.md
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ tags:

 ## Overview

-C declarations were designed so that the declaration of an object looks like the use of the object. This isn't quite true - keywords like `volatile` and `const` only exist in declarations - but for the most part, this philosophy can be leveraged to read C declarations.
+C declarations were designed so that the **declaration** of an object looks like the use of the object. This isn't quite true - keywords like `volatile` and `const` only exist in declarations - but for the most part, this philosophy can be leveraged to read C declarations.

 ## Declarators

@ -911,4 +911,5 @@ END%%
 ## Bibliography

 * Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+* “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
 * Van der Linden, Peter. _Expert C Programming: Deep C Secrets_. Programming Languages / C. Mountain View, Cal.: SunSoft Pr, 1994.
--- a/notes/c17/index.md
+++ b/notes/c17/index.md
@ -1,5 +1,375 @@
 ---
 title: C17
+TARGET DECK: Obsidian::STEM
+FILE TAGS: c17
 tags:
  - c17
 ---
+
+## Overview
+
+An **object** is a region of data storage in the execution environment, the contents of which can represent **values**. We say an object type is **complete** if there is sufficient information to determine the size of objects of that type. Otherwise we say it is **incomplete**.
+
+An **lvalue** is an expression (with non-`void` object type) that potentially designates an object. An **rvalue** is the "value of the expression."
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What does an object refer to?
+Back: A region of data storage in the execution environment, the contents of which can represent values.
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994830-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What does a value refer to?
+Back: The contents of an object when interpreted as having a specific type.
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994835-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Cloze
+A {value} refers to the contents of an {object} when interpreted as having a specific type.
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994839-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Types are partitioned into what two categories?
+Back: Object types and function types.
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994842-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is an object type?
+Back: A type that describes objects.
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994846-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is a function type?
+Back: A type that describes functions.
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994851-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What two parts characterize a function type?
+Back: The return type and the number/types of its parameters.
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994856-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What does it mean for an object type to be complete?
+Back: There is sufficient information to determine the size of objects of that type.
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994866-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What does it mean for an object type to be incomplete?
+Back: There is insufficient information to determine the size of objects of that type.
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994870-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is an lvalue?
+Back: An expression (with non-`void` object type) that potentially designates an object.
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994874-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Why are lvalues named the way they are?
+Back: The name is an acronym for **l**ocator **value**.
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994878-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is an rvalue?
+Back: The value of an expression.
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994881-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Why are rvalues named the way they are?
+Back: The name is an acronym for **r**ight **value**.
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994886-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What object type can an lvalue *not* have?
+Back: `void`
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994890-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What object type can an lvalue have?
+Back: Any object type other than `void`.
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994895-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Can an lvalue designate an object?
+Back: Yes.
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994900-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Can an lvalue designate a function?
+Back: No.
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994907-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Is `x` an lvalue or rvalue in the following snippet?
+```c
+int x = 10;
+```
+Back: An lvalue.
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994914-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Is `int` an lvalue or rvalue in the following snippet?
+```c
+int x = 10;
+```
+Back: Neither.
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994920-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Is `10` an lvalue or rvalue in the following snippet?
+```c
+int x = 10;
+```
+Back: An rvalue.
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994925-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+*Why* is `x` an lvalue in the following?
+```c
+int x = 10;
+```
+Back: Because `x` refers to a memory location.
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994932-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Is `x` an lvalue or rvalue in the following snippet?
+```c
+void x;
+```
+Back: Neither.
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994939-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Is `x` an lvalue or rvalue in the following snippet?
+```c
+void *x;
+```
+Back: An lvalue.
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994945-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Is `y` an lvalue or rvalue in the following snippet?
+```c
+int y = x + 10;
+```
+Back: An lvalue.
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994952-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Is `x` an lvalue or rvalue in the following snippet?
+```c
+int y = x + 10;
+```
+Back: An rvalue.
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994958-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+In the second line, is `ptr` an lvalue or rvalue?
+```c
+int *ptr = &x;
+*ptr = 10;
+```
+Back: An lvalue.
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994964-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+In the second line, is `*ptr` an lvalue or rvalue?
+```c
+int *ptr = &x;
+*ptr = 10;
+```
+Back: An lvalue.
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994970-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Is `getValue` an lvalue or rvalue in the following snippet?
+```c
+int getValue () {
+  return 42;
+}
+```
+Back: Neither.
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994975-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Is `getValue()` an lvalue or rvalue in the following snippet?
+```c
+int d = getValue();
+```
+Back: An rvalue.
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994980-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+*Why* is `getValue` in the following snippet neither an lvalue nor an rvalue?
+```c
+int getValue() {
+  return 42;
+}
+```
+Back: The function name is just syntax. That is, it isn't an expression.
+Reference: “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994984-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Are variables typically lvalues or rvalues?
+Back: lvalues.
+Reference: ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994988-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Are constants typically lvalues or rvalues?
+Back: rvalues.
+Reference: ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994992-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Are array elements typically lvalues or rvalues?
+Back: lvalues.
+Reference: ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510994997-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Are dereferenced pointers typically lvalues or rvalues?
+Back: lvalues.
+Reference: ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510995001-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Are temporary values typically lvalues or rvalues?
+Back: rvalues.
+Reference: ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510995006-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Does `x` have complete or incomplete object type in the following?
+```c
+void x;
+```
+Back: Incomplete.
+Reference: ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510995010-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Does `x` have complete or incomplete object type in the following?
+```c
+int x;
+```
+Back: Complete.
+Reference: ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510995016-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+Does `x` have complete or incomplete object type in the following?
+```c
+void *x;
+```
+Back: Complete.
+Reference: ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+<!--ID: 1723510995023-->
+END%%
+
+## Bibliography
+
+* “ISO: Programming Languages - C,” April 12, 2011, [https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf](https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c11/n1570.pdf).
+* Jens Gustedt, _Modern C_ (Shelter Island, NY: Manning Publications Co, 2020).
--- a/notes/c17/types.md
+++ b/notes/c17/types.md
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+---
+title: Types
+TARGET DECK: Obsidian::STEM
+FILE TAGS: c17
+tags:
+  - c17
+---
+
+## Overview
--- a/notes/x86-64/instructions/condition-codes.md
+++ b/notes/x86-64/instructions/condition-codes.md
@ -94,19 +94,32 @@ END%%

 ## SET

-| Instruction | Synonym  | Effect                            | Description                          |
-| ----------- | -------- | --------------------------------- | ------------------------------------ |
-| `sete`      | `setz`   | `D <- ZF`                         | Equal / zero                         |
-| `setne`     | `setnz`  | `D <- ~ZF`                        | Not equal / not zero                 |
-| `sets`      |          | `D <- SF`                         | Negative                             |
-| `setns`     |          | `D <- ~SF`                        | Nonnegative                          |
-| `setl`      | `setnge` | `D <- SF ^ OF`                    | Less (signed `<`)                    |
-| `setle`     | `setng`  | <code>D <- (SF ^ OF) \| ZF</code> | Less or equal (signed `<=`)          |
-| `setg`      | `setnle` | `D <- ~(SF ^ OF) & ~ZF`           | Greater (signed `>`)                 |
-| `setge`     | `setnl`  | `D <- ~(SF ^ OF)`                 | Greater or equal (signed `<=`)       |
-| `setb`      | `setnae` | `D <- CF`                         | Below (unsigned `<`)                 |
+The description of the `SET` commands apply to the case of a comparison instruction. That is, the condition codes are set according to computation `t = a - b`, where `t`, `a`, and `b` may be interpreted as signed or unsigned depending on the `SET` instruction invoked.

-Note how the other condition code effects are easy to derive from `setl` and `setb`.
+| Instruction | Synonym  | Evaluation                   | Description                    |
+| ----------- | -------- | ---------------------------- | ------------------------------ |
+| `sete`      | `setz`   | `ZF`                         | Equal / zero                   |
+| `setne`     | `setnz`  | `~ZF`                        | Not equal / not zero           |
+| `sets`      |          | `SF`                         | Negative                       |
+| `setns`     |          | `~SF`                        | Nonnegative                    |
+| `setl`      | `setnge` | `SF ^ OF`                    | Less (signed `<`)              |
+| `setle`     | `setng`  | <code>(SF ^ OF) \| ZF</code> | Less or equal (signed `<=`)    |
+| `setg`      | `setnle` | `~(SF ^ OF) & ~ZF`           | Greater (signed `>`)           |
+| `setge`     | `setnl`  | `~(SF ^ OF)`                 | Greater or equal (signed `<=`) |
+| `setb`      | `setnae` | `CF`                         | Below (unsigned `<`)           |
+| `setbe`     | `setna`  | <code>CF \| ZF</code>        | Below or equal (unsigned `<=`) |
+| `seta`      | `setnbe` | `~CF & ~ZF`                  | Above (unsigned `>`)           |
+| `setae`     | `setnb`  | `~CF`                        | Above or equal (unsigned `>=`) |
+
+Note how the other condition code evaluations are easy to derive from `setl` and `setb`.
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What arithmetic computation is a `SET` instruction's description based on?
+Back: `t = a - b`
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1723413572733-->
+END%%

 %%ANKI
 Basic
@ -265,14 +278,6 @@ Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Program
 <!--ID: 1720992217917-->
 END%%

-%%ANKI
-Basic
-What arithmetic computation is a `SET` instruction's interpretation of condition codes based on?
-Back: `t = a - b`
-Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
-<!--ID: 1723413572733-->
-END%%
-
 %%ANKI
 Basic
 What is `l` in the `setl` instruction short for?
@ -500,6 +505,99 @@ Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Program
 <!--ID: 1723466622325-->
 END%%

+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is `a` in the `seta` instruction short for?
+Back: **A**bove.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1723471919305-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Cloze
+{`seta`} is a synonym for {`setnbe`}.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1723471919313-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What condition code(s) does `seta` refer to?
+Back: `CF` and `ZF`.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1723471919317-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+In terms of condition codes, what value does `seta` put in its specified destination?
+Back: `~CF & ~ZF`
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1723471919321-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is `ae` in the `setae` instruction short for?
+Back: **A**bove or **e**qual.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1723471919325-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Cloze
+{`setae`} is a synonym for {`setnb`}.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1723471919329-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What condition code(s) does `setae` refer to?
+Back: `CF`
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1723471919333-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+In terms of condition codes, what value does `setae` put in its specified destination?
+Back: `~CF`
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1723471919338-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What is `be` in the `setbe` instruction short for?
+Back: **B**elow or **e**qual.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1723471919343-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Cloze
+{`setbe`} is a synonym for {`setna`}.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1723471919349-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+What condition code(s) does `setbe` refer to?
+Back: `CF` and `ZF`.
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1723471919355-->
+END%%
+
+%%ANKI
+Basic
+In terms of condition codes, what value does `setbe` put in its specified destination?
+Back: `CF | ZF`
+Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
+<!--ID: 1723471919361-->
+END%%
+
 ## Bibliography

 * Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.