Notes on endianness.
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},
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"fields_dict": {
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"Basic": [
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title: "2024-02-11"
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---
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- [ ] Anki Flashcards
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- [ ] KoL
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- [ ] Sheet Music (10 min.)
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- [x] Anki Flashcards
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- [x] KoL
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- [x] Sheet Music (10 min.)
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- [ ] OGS (1 Life & Death Problem)
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- [ ] Korean (Read 1 Story)
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- [ ] Interview Prep (1 Practice Problem)
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- [ ] Log Work Hours (Max 3 hours)
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* Notes on endianness.
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---
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title: Endianness
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TARGET DECK: Obsidian::STEM
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FILE TAGS: binary::endian
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tags:
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- binary
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- endian
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---
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## Overview
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Platforms with multi-byte objects must establish the object's address and byte ordering. Objects are typically addressed by the smallest address of the bytes used. Bytes are ordered either in **big-endian** or **little-endian**. In big-endian, the most significant byte is listed first. In little-endian, the least significant byte is ordered first.
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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Platforms with multi-byte objects must establish what two conventions?
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Back: The object's address and byte ordering.
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Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
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<!--ID: 1707661283766-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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How are multi-byte objects typically addressed?
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Back: By the smallest address of the bytes used.
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Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
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<!--ID: 1707661283768-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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How are bytes of multi-byte objects typically ordered?
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Back: As big-endian or little-endian.
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Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
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<!--ID: 1707661283770-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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What is endianness?
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Back: The ordering of bytes of a multibyte object.
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Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
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<!--ID: 1707661283771-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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What does it mean for a byte to be "most significant"?
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Back: It contribute most to the byte's (decimal) value.
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Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
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<!--ID: 1707661283773-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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What does it mean for a byte to be "least significant"?
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Back: It contribute least to the byte's (decimal) value.
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Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
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<!--ID: 1707661283774-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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What does it mean to be big-endian?
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Back: The most significant byte is ordered first.
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Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
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<!--ID: 1707661283776-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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What does it mean to be little-endian?
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Back: The least significant byte is ordered first.
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Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
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<!--ID: 1707661283777-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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How are bytes of `int32_t x = 0x01234567` written in big-endian?
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Back: `0x01 0x23 0x45 0x67`
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Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
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Tags: c
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<!--ID: 1707661283779-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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How are bytes of `int32_t x = 0x01234567` written in little-endian?
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Back: `0x67 0x45 0x23 0x01`
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Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
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Tags: c
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<!--ID: 1707661283780-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Cloze
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Many microprocessors chips are {bi-endian} meaning they can be {configured as either big- or little-endian}.
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Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
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<!--ID: 1707661283782-->
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END%%
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```c
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#include <stdint.h>
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#include <stdio.h>
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int main() {
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int32_t x = 0x01234567;
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for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
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printf("%.2x ", ((unsigned char *)(&x))[i]);
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}
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}
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```
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The above snippet can be used to check endianness on the current machine. If big-endian, the output should be `01 23 45 67`. If little-endian, `67 45 23 01`.
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## Reference
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* Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
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@ -224,4 +224,4 @@ END%%
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## Reference
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* Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
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* Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
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Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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How large is a word?
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Back: This is a machine-dependent value.
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Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
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<!--ID: 1707657889227-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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What word sizes are typically nowadays?
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Back: 32- and 64-bit word sizes.
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Reference: Bryant, Randal E., and David O'Hallaron. *Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective*. Third edition, Global edition. Always Learning. Pearson, 2016.
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<!--ID: 1707657889230-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Cloze
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`char` *typically* represents {1} byte(s) on a 64-bit platform.
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