Fixup lambda calculus flashcards.

c-declarations
Joshua Potter 2024-05-29 06:30:49 -06:00
parent 32b180c83d
commit 016d498862
9 changed files with 40 additions and 33 deletions

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@ -313,7 +313,7 @@
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"Basic": [

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---
title: "2024-05-29"
---
- [x] Anki Flashcards
- [x] KoL
- [ ] Sheet Music (10 min.)
- [ ] Go (1 Life & Death Problem)
- [ ] Korean (Read 1 Story)

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---
title: "2024-05-28"
---
- [x] Anki Flashcards
- [x] KoL
- [ ] Sheet Music (10 min.)
- [ ] Go (1 Life & Death Problem)
- [ ] Korean (Read 1 Story)

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@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ The coefficients of $p(n)$ are $a_0, a_1, \ldots, a_d$. Furthermore, $a_d \neq 0
%%ANKI
Basic
Using sigma notation, a polynomial in $n$ of degree $d$ is a function of what form?
Back: $p(n) = \sum_{i=0}^d a_in^i$ where $a_d \neq 0$.
Using sigma notation, a polynomial $p(n)$ in $n$ of degree $d$ is a function of what form?
Back: $p(n) = \sum_{k=0}^d a_kn^k$ where $a_d \neq 0$.
Reference: Thomas H. Cormen et al., Introduction to Algorithms, Fourth edition (Cambridge, Massachusett: The MIT Press, 2022).
<!--ID: 1713580808758-->
END%%

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@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ END%%
%%ANKI
Basic
What term refers to the inductive cases of the $\lambda$-term definition?
What terms refer to the inductive cases of the $\lambda$-term definition?
Back: Application and abstraction.
Reference: Hindley, J Roger, and Jonathan P Seldin. “Lambda-Calculus and Combinators, an Introduction,” n.d. [https://www.cin.ufpe.br/~djo/files/Lambda-Calculus%20and%20Combinators.pdf](https://www.cin.ufpe.br/~djo/files/Lambda-Calculus%20and%20Combinators.pdf).
<!--ID: 1716494526337-->
@ -197,14 +197,6 @@ Reference: Hindley, J Roger, and Jonathan P Seldin. “Lambda-Calculus and Combi
<!--ID: 1716498992500-->
END%%
%%ANKI
Basic
How is expression $MNPQ$ written with parentheses reintroduced?
Back: $(((MN)P)Q)$
Reference: Hindley, J Roger, and Jonathan P Seldin. “Lambda-Calculus and Combinators, an Introduction,” n.d. [https://www.cin.ufpe.br/~djo/files/Lambda-Calculus%20and%20Combinators.pdf](https://www.cin.ufpe.br/~djo/files/Lambda-Calculus%20and%20Combinators.pdf).
<!--ID: 1716498992520-->
END%%
%%ANKI
Cloze
By convention, parentheses in $\lambda$-calculus are {left}-associative.
@ -220,13 +212,6 @@ Reference: Hindley, J Roger, and Jonathan P Seldin. “Lambda-Calculus and Combi
<!--ID: 1716498992530-->
END%%
%%ANKI
Cloze
Expression $(MN)$ is interpreted as applying {$M$} to {$N$}.
Reference: Hindley, J Roger, and Jonathan P Seldin. “Lambda-Calculus and Combinators, an Introduction,” n.d. [https://www.cin.ufpe.br/~djo/files/Lambda-Calculus%20and%20Combinators.pdf](https://www.cin.ufpe.br/~djo/files/Lambda-Calculus%20and%20Combinators.pdf).
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END%%
%%ANKI
Basic
How are parentheses conventionally reintroduced to $\lambda$-term $MN$?
@ -398,7 +383,7 @@ END%%
%%ANKI
Basic
What preprocessing step does Hindley et al. recommend when counting occurrences of $\lambda$-terms?
Back: Reintroduce parentheses in the top-level term.
Back: Reintroduce parentheses.
Reference: Hindley, J Roger, and Jonathan P Seldin. “Lambda-Calculus and Combinators, an Introduction,” n.d. [https://www.cin.ufpe.br/~djo/files/Lambda-Calculus%20and%20Combinators.pdf](https://www.cin.ufpe.br/~djo/files/Lambda-Calculus%20and%20Combinators.pdf).
<!--ID: 1716743248127-->
END%%
@ -423,7 +408,7 @@ END%%
%%ANKI
Basic
What is the scope of the leftmost $\lambda y$ in the following term? $$(\lambda y. yx(\lambda x. y(\lambda y.z)x))vw$$
Back: $yx(\lambda x. y(\lambda y. z)x))vw$
Back: $yx(\lambda x. y(\lambda y. z)x)$
Reference: Hindley, J Roger, and Jonathan P Seldin. “Lambda-Calculus and Combinators, an Introduction,” n.d. [https://www.cin.ufpe.br/~djo/files/Lambda-Calculus%20and%20Combinators.pdf](https://www.cin.ufpe.br/~djo/files/Lambda-Calculus%20and%20Combinators.pdf).
<!--ID: 1716745016002-->
END%%
@ -462,7 +447,7 @@ $FV(P)$ denotes the set of all free variables of $P$. A **closed term** is a ter
%%ANKI
Basic
What kind of $\lambda$-terms are considered bound or free?
What kind of $\lambda$-terms can be classified as bound and/or free?
Back: Variables.
Reference: Hindley, J Roger, and Jonathan P Seldin. “Lambda-Calculus and Combinators, an Introduction,” n.d. [https://www.cin.ufpe.br/~djo/files/Lambda-Calculus%20and%20Combinators.pdf](https://www.cin.ufpe.br/~djo/files/Lambda-Calculus%20and%20Combinators.pdf).
<!--ID: 1716745016008-->

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@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ END%%
%%ANKI
Basic
*Why* is $\{T\}\; \text{while }T\text{ do skip}\; \{T\}$ everywhere false?
Back: Because $\text{while }T\text{ do skip}$ never terminates.
Back: Because "$\text{while }T\text{ do skip}$" never terminates.
Reference: Gries, David. *The Science of Programming*. Texts and Monographs in Computer Science. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1981.
<!--ID: 1715631869132-->
END%%

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@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ END%%
## Extensionality
If two sets have exactly the same members, then they are equal: $$\forall A, \forall B, (x \in A \Leftrightarrow x \in B) \Rightarrow A = B$$
If two sets have exactly the same members, then they are equal: $$\forall A, \forall B, (\forall x, x \in A \Leftrightarrow x \in B) \Rightarrow A = B$$
%%ANKI
Basic
What does the extensionality axiom state?
@ -194,14 +194,14 @@ END%%
%%ANKI
Basic
How is the extensionality axiom expressed using first-order logic?
Back: $$\forall A, \forall B, (x \in A \Leftrightarrow x \in B) \Rightarrow A = B$$
Back: $$\forall A, \forall B, (\forall x, x \in A \Leftrightarrow x \in B) \Rightarrow A = B$$
Reference: Herbert B. Enderton, *Elements of Set Theory* (New York: Academic Press, 1977).
<!--ID: 1715649734312-->
END%%
%%ANKI
Basic
The following encodes which set theory axiom? $$\forall A, \forall B, (x \in A \Leftrightarrow x \in B) \Rightarrow A = B$$
The following encodes which set theory axiom? $$\forall A, \forall B, (\forall x, x \in A \Leftrightarrow x \in B) \Rightarrow A = B$$
Back: The extensionality axiom.
Reference: Herbert B. Enderton, *Elements of Set Theory* (New York: Academic Press, 1977).
<!--ID: 1715649069254-->

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@ -1477,7 +1477,7 @@ Basic
How should the nil constructor of an inductive binary tree, say `Tree`, be defined?
Back:
```lean
| constructor : Tree α
| nil : Tree α
```
Reference: Thomas H. Cormen et al., _Introduction to Algorithms_, Fourth edition (Cambridge, Massachusett: The MIT Press, 2022).
Tags: lean
@ -1489,7 +1489,7 @@ Basic
How should the non-nil constructor of an inductive binary tree, say `Tree`, be defined?
Back:
```lean
| constructor : α → Tree α → Tree α → Tree α
| node : α → Tree α → Tree α → Tree α
```
Reference: Thomas H. Cormen et al., _Introduction to Algorithms_, Fourth edition (Cambridge, Massachusett: The MIT Press, 2022).
Tags: lean