239 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
239 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
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---
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title: Uniform Resource Identifiers
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TARGET DECK: Obsidian::STEM
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FILE TAGS: uri
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tags:
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- rdf
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- uri
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---
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## Overview
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A **uniform resource identifier** (URI) is a unique sequence of characters for identifying some physical or abstract resource. URIs are further generalized to **internationalized resource identifier**s (IRIs) which allow using characters from any language, provided there exists a standard web encoding of the characters.
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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What is URI an acronym for?
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Back: **U**niform **r**esource **i**dentifier.
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Reference: Allemang, Dean, James A. Hendler, and Fabien L. Gandon. _Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist_. 3e ed. ACM Books 33. New York: Association for computing machinery, 2020.
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<!--ID: 1722191359864-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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*Why* is a URI named the way it is?
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Back: It is a globally unique identifier for some resource.
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Reference: Allemang, Dean, James A. Hendler, and Fabien L. Gandon. _Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist_. 3e ed. ACM Books 33. New York: Association for computing machinery, 2020.
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<!--ID: 1722191359866-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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What is IRI an acronym for?
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Back: **I**nternationalized **r**esource **i**dentifier.
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Reference: Allemang, Dean, James A. Hendler, and Fabien L. Gandon. _Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist_. 3e ed. ACM Books 33. New York: Association for computing machinery, 2020.
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<!--ID: 1722191359867-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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In what way does an IRI generalize URIs?
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Back: It allows any characters with standard web encodings to be used in the identifier.
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Reference: Allemang, Dean, James A. Hendler, and Fabien L. Gandon. _Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist_. 3e ed. ACM Books 33. New York: Association for computing machinery, 2020.
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<!--ID: 1722191359871-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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Which of URIs or IRIs are more general?
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Back: IRIs.
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Reference: Allemang, Dean, James A. Hendler, and Fabien L. Gandon. _Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist_. 3e ed. ACM Books 33. New York: Association for computing machinery, 2020.
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<!--ID: 1722191359873-->
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END%%
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### URLs
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A **uniform resource locator** (URL) is a URI that specifies the means of finding the represented resource. The most commonly used schemes are `http` and `https`.
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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What is URL an acronym for?
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Back: **U**niform **r**esource **l**ocator.
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Reference: Allemang, Dean, James A. Hendler, and Fabien L. Gandon. _Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist_. 3e ed. ACM Books 33. New York: Association for computing machinery, 2020.
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<!--ID: 1722191359858-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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*Why* is a URL named the way it is?
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Back: Its structure specifies how to find the corresponding resource.
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Reference: Allemang, Dean, James A. Hendler, and Fabien L. Gandon. _Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist_. 3e ed. ACM Books 33. New York: Association for computing machinery, 2020.
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<!--ID: 1722191359861-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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How do you find the resource represented by a URI?
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Back: N/A. This isn't generally possible.
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Reference: Allemang, Dean, James A. Hendler, and Fabien L. Gandon. _Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist_. 3e ed. ACM Books 33. New York: Association for computing machinery, 2020.
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<!--ID: 1722191359863-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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In what way does a URI generalize URLs?
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Back: A URI does not necessarily specify how to find the represented resource.
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Reference: Allemang, Dean, James A. Hendler, and Fabien L. Gandon. _Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist_. 3e ed. ACM Books 33. New York: Association for computing machinery, 2020.
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<!--ID: 1722191359869-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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Which of URIs or URLs are more general?
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Back: URIs.
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Reference: Allemang, Dean, James A. Hendler, and Fabien L. Gandon. _Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist_. 3e ed. ACM Books 33. New York: Association for computing machinery, 2020.
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<!--ID: 1722191359872-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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Which of IRIs or URLs are more general?
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Back: IRIs.
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Reference: Allemang, Dean, James A. Hendler, and Fabien L. Gandon. _Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist_. 3e ed. ACM Books 33. New York: Association for computing machinery, 2020.
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<!--ID: 1722191359874-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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What scheme are URLs required to use?
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Back: N/A. There exist many possible schemes.
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Reference: “Uniform Resource Locator.” In _Wikipedia_, June 20, 2024. [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=URL](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=URL&oldid=1230124093).
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<!--ID: 1722193197739-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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What are the two most commonly used URL schemes?
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Back: `http` and `https`.
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Reference: “Uniform Resource Locator.” In _Wikipedia_, June 20, 2024. [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=URL](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=URL&oldid=1230124093).
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<!--ID: 1722193197746-->
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END%%
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### URNs
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A **uniform resource name** (URN) is a URI that uses the `urn` scheme. It is intended to uniquely identify a resource, even when the resource no longer exists.
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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What is URN an acronym for?
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Back: **U**niform **r**esource **n**ame.
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Reference: “Uniform Resource Identifier.” In _Wikipedia_, July 22, 2024. [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Resource_Identifier](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Resource_Identifier&oldid=1235957234).
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<!--ID: 1722192211078-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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*Why* is a URN named the way it is?
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Back: It is used to uniquely identify some resource.
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Reference: “Uniform Resource Identifier.” In _Wikipedia_, July 22, 2024. [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Resource_Identifier](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Resource_Identifier&oldid=1235957234).
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<!--ID: 1722192211083-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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Which of URLs or URNs are more general?
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Back: N/A.
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Reference: “Uniform Resource Identifier.” In _Wikipedia_, July 22, 2024. [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Resource_Identifier](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Resource_Identifier&oldid=1235957234).
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<!--ID: 1722192211087-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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Which of URNs or URIs are more general?
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Back: URIs.
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Reference: “Uniform Resource Identifier.” In _Wikipedia_, July 22, 2024. [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Resource_Identifier](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Resource_Identifier&oldid=1235957234).
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<!--ID: 1722192211089-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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*Why* aren't URLs a subset of URNs?
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Back: What a URL represents may change over time.
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Reference: “Uniform Resource Identifier.” In _Wikipedia_, July 22, 2024. [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Resource_Identifier](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Resource_Identifier&oldid=1235957234).
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<!--ID: 1722192211091-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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*Why* aren't URNs a subset of URLs?
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Back: Their structure may not necessarily indicate how to find the resource.
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Reference: “Uniform Resource Identifier.” In _Wikipedia_, July 22, 2024. [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Resource_Identifier](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Resource_Identifier&oldid=1235957234).
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<!--ID: 1722192211093-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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What scheme are URNs required to use?
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Back: `urn`
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Reference: “Uniform Resource Name.” In _Wikipedia_, April 26, 2024. [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Resource_Name](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Resource_Name&oldid=1220954593).
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<!--ID: 1722193197751-->
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END%%
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## CURIEs
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A **compact URI** (CURIE) is a denser representation of URIs. In its simplest form, it consists of a namespace and identifier separated by a colon. For example, `geo:England`.
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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URIs in RDF are usually represented in what condensed format?
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Back: CURIE.
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Reference: Allemang, Dean, James A. Hendler, and Fabien L. Gandon. _Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist_. 3e ed. ACM Books 33. New York: Association for computing machinery, 2020.
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<!--ID: 1722191359875-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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What is CURIE an acronym for?
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Back: **C**ompact **URI**&.
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Reference: Allemang, Dean, James A. Hendler, and Fabien L. Gandon. _Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist_. 3e ed. ACM Books 33. New York: Association for computing machinery, 2020.
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<!--ID: 1722191359876-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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Consider CURIE `geo:England`. What is `geo` an example of?
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Back: A namespace.
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Reference: Allemang, Dean, James A. Hendler, and Fabien L. Gandon. _Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist_. 3e ed. ACM Books 33. New York: Association for computing machinery, 2020.
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<!--ID: 1722191359877-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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Consider CURIE `geo:England`. What is `England` an example of?
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Back: An identifier.
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Reference: Allemang, Dean, James A. Hendler, and Fabien L. Gandon. _Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist_. 3e ed. ACM Books 33. New York: Association for computing machinery, 2020.
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<!--ID: 1722191359878-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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In its simplest form, a CURIE is made up of what two parts?
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Back: A namespace and an identifier.
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Reference: Allemang, Dean, James A. Hendler, and Fabien L. Gandon. _Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist_. 3e ed. ACM Books 33. New York: Association for computing machinery, 2020.
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<!--ID: 1722191359880-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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The namespace and identifier of a CURIE is usually separated by what?
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Back: A colon (`:`).
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Reference: Allemang, Dean, James A. Hendler, and Fabien L. Gandon. _Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist_. 3e ed. ACM Books 33. New York: Association for computing machinery, 2020.
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<!--ID: 1722191359881-->
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END%%
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## Bibliography
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* Allemang, Dean, James A. Hendler, and Fabien L. Gandon. _Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist_. 3e ed. ACM Books 33. New York: Association for computing machinery, 2020.
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* “Uniform Resource Identifier.” In _Wikipedia_, July 22, 2024. [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Resource_Identifier](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Resource_Identifier&oldid=1235957234).
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* “Uniform Resource Locator.” In _Wikipedia_, June 20, 2024. [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=URL](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=URL&oldid=1230124093).
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* “Uniform Resource Name.” In _Wikipedia_, April 26, 2024. [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Resource_Name](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Resource_Name&oldid=1220954593).
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