99 lines
4.0 KiB
Markdown
99 lines
4.0 KiB
Markdown
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---
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title: Properties
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TARGET DECK: Obsidian::H&SS
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FILE TAGS: ontology
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tags:
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- ontology
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---
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## Overview
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A **property** is an entity that can be predicated of things or, in other words, attributed to them.
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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What is a property?
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Back: An entity that can be predicated or attributed to things.
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Reference: Francesco Orilia and Michele Paolini Paoletti, “Properties,” in _The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy_, ed. Edward N. Zalta, Spring 2022 (Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, 2022), [https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2022/entries/properties/](https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2022/entries/properties/).
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<!--ID: 1720912237900-->
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END%%
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### Instantiation
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An entity is said to **instantiate** a property if said entity bears a connection to the property. For example, a human instantiates the property of *being human* and a man instantiates the properties of *being human* and *being a man*.
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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What is instantiation?
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Back: A relation held between an entity and the properties that describe the entity.
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Reference: Nikk Effingham, _An Introduction to Ontology_ (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013).
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<!--ID: 1720912237951-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Cloze
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A man is said to {instantiate} the property of *being a man*.
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Reference: Nikk Effingham, _An Introduction to Ontology_ (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013).
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<!--ID: 1720912237960-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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What is self-instantiation?
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Back: The instantiation of a property by itself.
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Reference: Nikk Effingham, _An Introduction to Ontology_ (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013).
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<!--ID: 1720912237967-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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What is non-self-instantiation?
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Back: The non-instantiation of a property by itself.
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Reference: Nikk Effingham, _An Introduction to Ontology_ (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013).
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<!--ID: 1720912237974-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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Suppose all properties are self-instantiating. What must be said about *being honest*?
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Back: The property *being honest* is honest.
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Reference: Francesco Orilia and Michele Paolini Paoletti, “Properties,” in _The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy_, ed. Edward N. Zalta, Spring 2022 (Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, 2022), [https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2022/entries/properties/](https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2022/entries/properties/).
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<!--ID: 1720912237980-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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Suppose properties are abstracta. What self-instantiation is thus formed?
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Back: The property of abstractness is abstract.
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Reference: Francesco Orilia and Michele Paolini Paoletti, “Properties,” in _The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy_, ed. Edward N. Zalta, Spring 2022 (Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, 2022), [https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2022/entries/properties/](https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2022/entries/properties/).
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<!--ID: 1720912237986-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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What is the paradox of non-self-instantiation?
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Back: The property *non-self-instantiation* is non-self-instantiating iff it is self-instantiating.
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Reference: Nikk Effingham, _An Introduction to Ontology_ (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013).
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<!--ID: 1720912237992-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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Let $P$ be the property *is non-self-instantiating*. What happens if $P$ is non-self-instantiating?
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Back: Then $P$ must be self-instantiating.
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Reference: Nikk Effingham, _An Introduction to Ontology_ (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013).
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<!--ID: 1720912237998-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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Let $P$ be the property *is non-self-instantiating*. What happens if $P$ is self-instantiating?
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Back: Then $P$ must be non-self-instantiating.
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Reference: Nikk Effingham, _An Introduction to Ontology_ (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013).
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<!--ID: 1720912238004-->
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END%%
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## Bibliography
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* Francesco Orilia and Michele Paolini Paoletti, “Properties,” in _The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy_, ed. Edward N. Zalta, Spring 2022 (Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, 2022), [https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2022/entries/properties/](https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2022/entries/properties/).
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* Nikk Effingham, _An Introduction to Ontology_ (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013).
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