261 lines
9.5 KiB
Markdown
261 lines
9.5 KiB
Markdown
|
---
|
||
|
|
title: XML
|
||
|
|
TARGET DECK: Obsidian::STEM
|
||
|
|
FILE TAGS: xml
|
||
|
|
tags:
|
||
|
|
- xml
|
||
|
|
---
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
## Overview
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
**Extensible Markup Language** (XML) is a markup language and file format for storing, transmitting, and reconstructing arbitrary data.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
%%ANKI
|
||
|
|
Basic
|
||
|
|
What is XML an acronym for?
|
||
|
|
Back: E**x**tensible **m**arkup **l**anguage.
|
||
|
|
Reference: “XML,” in _Wikipedia_, November 2, 2024, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML&oldid=1254990843).
|
||
|
|
<!--ID: 1733842094278-->
|
||
|
|
END%%
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
An XML document is divided into **markup** and **content**. A **tag** is a markup construct beginning with `<` and ending with `>`. An **element** is a logical document component spanning a start and end tag or consisting of just an empty-element tag.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
%%ANKI
|
||
|
|
Cloze
|
||
|
|
An XML document is divided into {markup} and {content}.
|
||
|
|
Reference: “XML,” in _Wikipedia_, November 2, 2024, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML&oldid=1254990843).
|
||
|
|
<!--ID: 1733842094283-->
|
||
|
|
END%%
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
%%ANKI
|
||
|
|
Basic
|
||
|
|
What is an XML tag?
|
||
|
|
Back: Markup beginning with a `<` and ending with a `>`.
|
||
|
|
Reference: “XML,” in _Wikipedia_, November 2, 2024, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML&oldid=1254990843).
|
||
|
|
<!--ID: 1733842094286-->
|
||
|
|
END%%
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
%%ANKI
|
||
|
|
Basic
|
||
|
|
What is an XML element?
|
||
|
|
Back: A logical document component spanning start and end tags or just an empty-element tag.
|
||
|
|
Reference: “XML,” in _Wikipedia_, November 2, 2024, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML&oldid=1254990843).
|
||
|
|
<!--ID: 1733842094290-->
|
||
|
|
END%%
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
%%ANKI
|
||
|
|
Basic
|
||
|
|
What kind of tag is `<foo>`?
|
||
|
|
Back: A start tag.
|
||
|
|
Reference: “XML,” in _Wikipedia_, November 2, 2024, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML&oldid=1254990843).
|
||
|
|
<!--ID: 1733842094293-->
|
||
|
|
END%%
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
%%ANKI
|
||
|
|
Basic
|
||
|
|
What kind of tag is `</foo>`?
|
||
|
|
Back: An end tag.
|
||
|
|
Reference: “XML,” in _Wikipedia_, November 2, 2024, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML&oldid=1254990843).
|
||
|
|
<!--ID: 1733842094296-->
|
||
|
|
END%%
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
%%ANKI
|
||
|
|
Basic
|
||
|
|
What kind of tag is `<foo />`?
|
||
|
|
Back: An empty-element tag.
|
||
|
|
Reference: “XML,” in _Wikipedia_, November 2, 2024, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML&oldid=1254990843).
|
||
|
|
<!--ID: 1733842094300-->
|
||
|
|
END%%
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
%%ANKI
|
||
|
|
Basic
|
||
|
|
What does an XML tag begin with?
|
||
|
|
Back: A `<` character.
|
||
|
|
Reference: “XML,” in _Wikipedia_, November 2, 2024, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML&oldid=1254990843).
|
||
|
|
<!--ID: 1733842094303-->
|
||
|
|
END%%
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
%%ANKI
|
||
|
|
Basic
|
||
|
|
What does an XML element begin with?
|
||
|
|
Back: A start tag or empty-element tag.
|
||
|
|
Reference: “XML,” in _Wikipedia_, November 2, 2024, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML&oldid=1254990843).
|
||
|
|
<!--ID: 1733842094309-->
|
||
|
|
END%%
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
%%ANKI
|
||
|
|
Basic
|
||
|
|
What does an XML tag end with?
|
||
|
|
Back: A `>` character.
|
||
|
|
Reference: “XML,” in _Wikipedia_, November 2, 2024, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML&oldid=1254990843).
|
||
|
|
<!--ID: 1733842094315-->
|
||
|
|
END%%
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
%%ANKI
|
||
|
|
Basic
|
||
|
|
What does an XML element end with?
|
||
|
|
Back: An end tag or empty-element tag.
|
||
|
|
Reference: “XML,” in _Wikipedia_, November 2, 2024, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML&oldid=1254990843).
|
||
|
|
<!--ID: 1733842094319-->
|
||
|
|
END%%
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
## Namespaces
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Namespaces are declared using the reserved `xmlns` attribute. A declaration is formatted as follows: `xmlns[:<prefix>]="<namespace name>"`. If no prefix is specified, the attribute defines the **default namespace**.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
%%ANKI
|
||
|
|
Basic
|
||
|
|
What is the standard `xmlns` namespace an acronym for?
|
||
|
|
Back: **XML** **N**ame**s**pace.
|
||
|
|
Reference: Allemang, Dean, James A. Hendler, and Fabien L. Gandon. _Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist_. 3e ed. ACM Books 33. New York: Association for computing machinery, 2020.
|
||
|
|
<!--ID: 1722340624991-->
|
||
|
|
END%%
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
%%ANKI
|
||
|
|
Basic
|
||
|
|
What attribute is used to introduce a new XML namespace?
|
||
|
|
Back: `xmlns`
|
||
|
|
Reference: “XML Namespace,” in _Wikipedia_, April 11, 2024, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace&oldid=1218316095).
|
||
|
|
<!--ID: 1733842094324-->
|
||
|
|
END%%
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
%%ANKI
|
||
|
|
Basic
|
||
|
|
Consider `xmlns:<p>=<n>`. What term is used to refer to `<p>`?
|
||
|
|
Back: The prefix.
|
||
|
|
Reference: “XML Namespace,” in _Wikipedia_, April 11, 2024, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace&oldid=1218316095).
|
||
|
|
<!--ID: 1733842094329-->
|
||
|
|
END%%
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
%%ANKI
|
||
|
|
Basic
|
||
|
|
Consider `xmlns:<p>=<n>`. What term is used to refer to `<n>`?
|
||
|
|
Back: The namespace name.
|
||
|
|
Reference: “XML Namespace,” in _Wikipedia_, April 11, 2024, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace&oldid=1218316095).
|
||
|
|
<!--ID: 1733842094332-->
|
||
|
|
END%%
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
%%ANKI
|
||
|
|
Basic
|
||
|
|
What namespace name is used in the following XML attribute?
|
||
|
|
```xml
|
||
|
|
<... xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
Back: `http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml`
|
||
|
|
Reference: “XML Namespace,” in _Wikipedia_, April 11, 2024, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace&oldid=1218316095).
|
||
|
|
<!--ID: 1733842094336-->
|
||
|
|
END%%
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
%%ANKI
|
||
|
|
Basic
|
||
|
|
What prefix is used in the following XML attribute?
|
||
|
|
```xml
|
||
|
|
<... xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
Back: `xhtml`
|
||
|
|
Reference: “XML Namespace,” in _Wikipedia_, April 11, 2024, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace&oldid=1218316095).
|
||
|
|
<!--ID: 1733842094340-->
|
||
|
|
END%%
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
%%ANKI
|
||
|
|
Basic
|
||
|
|
What does it mean to use an `xmlns` attribute without a prefix?
|
||
|
|
Back: This declares the default namespace of the associated tag.
|
||
|
|
Reference: “XML Namespace,” in _Wikipedia_, April 11, 2024, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace&oldid=1218316095).
|
||
|
|
<!--ID: 1733842094344-->
|
||
|
|
END%%
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
%%ANKI
|
||
|
|
Basic
|
||
|
|
What does it mean to use an `xmlns` attribute without a namespace name?
|
||
|
|
Back: N/A. This is invalid syntax.
|
||
|
|
Reference: “XML Namespace,” in _Wikipedia_, April 11, 2024, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace&oldid=1218316095).
|
||
|
|
<!--ID: 1733842094347-->
|
||
|
|
END%%
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
%%ANKI
|
||
|
|
Basic
|
||
|
|
How do I declare a new XML namespace with prefix `abc`?
|
||
|
|
Back: By including `xmlns:abc=<namespace name>` in the appropriate tag.
|
||
|
|
Reference: “XML Namespace,” in _Wikipedia_, April 11, 2024, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace&oldid=1218316095).
|
||
|
|
<!--ID: 1733842094351-->
|
||
|
|
END%%
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
%%ANKI
|
||
|
|
Basic
|
||
|
|
Suppose there is no default namespace in scope. What namespace are elements assigned?
|
||
|
|
Back: N/A. They are not considered members of any namespace.
|
||
|
|
Reference: “XML Namespace,” in _Wikipedia_, April 11, 2024, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace&oldid=1218316095).
|
||
|
|
<!--ID: 1733842094354-->
|
||
|
|
END%%
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
%%ANKI
|
||
|
|
Basic
|
||
|
|
Which namespace is `bar` a member of?
|
||
|
|
```xml
|
||
|
|
<foo xmlns="ns1">
|
||
|
|
<bar xmlns="ns2" />
|
||
|
|
</foo>
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
Back: `ns2`
|
||
|
|
Reference: “XML Namespace,” in _Wikipedia_, April 11, 2024, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace&oldid=1218316095).
|
||
|
|
<!--ID: 1733842094358-->
|
||
|
|
END%%
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
%%ANKI
|
||
|
|
Basic
|
||
|
|
Which namespace is `bar` a member of?
|
||
|
|
```xml
|
||
|
|
<foo xmlns="ns1">
|
||
|
|
<bar />
|
||
|
|
</foo>
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
Back: `ns1`
|
||
|
|
Reference: “XML Namespace,” in _Wikipedia_, April 11, 2024, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace&oldid=1218316095).
|
||
|
|
<!--ID: 1733842094361-->
|
||
|
|
END%%
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
%%ANKI
|
||
|
|
Basic
|
||
|
|
Which namespace is attribute `a` a member of?
|
||
|
|
```xml
|
||
|
|
<foo xmlns="ns1">
|
||
|
|
<bar a="1" b="2" />
|
||
|
|
</foo>
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
Back: N/A. `a` has no namespace.
|
||
|
|
Reference: “XML Namespace,” in _Wikipedia_, April 11, 2024, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace&oldid=1218316095).
|
||
|
|
<!--ID: 1733842094365-->
|
||
|
|
END%%
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
%%ANKI
|
||
|
|
Basic
|
||
|
|
Which namespace is attribute `b` a member of?
|
||
|
|
```xml
|
||
|
|
<foo xmlns:p="ns1">
|
||
|
|
<bar a="1" b="2" />
|
||
|
|
</foo>
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
Back: N/A. `b` has no namespace.
|
||
|
|
Reference: “XML Namespace,” in _Wikipedia_, April 11, 2024, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace&oldid=1218316095).
|
||
|
|
<!--ID: 1733842094370-->
|
||
|
|
END%%
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
%%ANKI
|
||
|
|
Basic
|
||
|
|
Which namespace is attribute `b` a member of?
|
||
|
|
```xml
|
||
|
|
<foo xmlns:p="ns1">
|
||
|
|
<bar a="1" p:b="2" />
|
||
|
|
</foo>
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
Back: `p`
|
||
|
|
Reference: “XML Namespace,” in _Wikipedia_, April 11, 2024, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace&oldid=1218316095).
|
||
|
|
<!--ID: 1733842094375-->
|
||
|
|
END%%
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
## Bibliography
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* Allemang, Dean, James A. Hendler, and Fabien L. Gandon. _Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist_. 3e ed. ACM Books 33. New York: Association for computing machinery, 2020.
|
||
|
|
* “XML,” in _Wikipedia_, November 2, 2024, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML&oldid=1254990843).
|
||
|
|
* “XML Namespace,” in _Wikipedia_, April 11, 2024, [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XML_namespace&oldid=1218316095).
|