124 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
124 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
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---
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title: Ontology
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TARGET DECK: Obsidian::H&SS
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FILE TAGS: ontology::philosophy
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tags:
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- ontology
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---
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## Overview
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Ontology is the philosophical study of being. Generally *things* are split into two broad categories: **abstract** and **concrete** things. These words are "terms of art" and their definition is not standardized in any way.
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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What did Quine declare as *the* ontological question?
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Back: "What is there?"
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Reference: Simon Hewitt, “A Cardinal Worry for Permissive Metaontology,” _Metaphysica_ 16, no. 2 (September 18, 2015): 159–65, [https://doi.org/10.1515/mp-2015-0009](https://doi.org/10.1515/mp-2015-0009).
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<!--ID: 1720912238054-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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Who is attributed *the* ontological question?
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Back: Willard Van Orman Quine.
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Reference: Simon Hewitt, “A Cardinal Worry for Permissive Metaontology,” _Metaphysica_ 16, no. 2 (September 18, 2015): 159–65, [https://doi.org/10.1515/mp-2015-0009](https://doi.org/10.1515/mp-2015-0009).
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<!--ID: 1720912259767-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Cloze
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{Ontology} is the {philosophical study of being}.
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Reference: Nikk Effingham, _An Introduction to Ontology_ (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013).
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<!--ID: 1720912238058-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Cloze
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{Epistemology} is the {philosophical study of knowledge}.
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Reference: Nikk Effingham, _An Introduction to Ontology_ (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013).
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<!--ID: 1720912238062-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Cloze
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{Taxonomy} is the {branch of science concerned with categorization}.
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Reference: Nikk Effingham, _An Introduction to Ontology_ (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013).
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<!--ID: 1720912238066-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Cloze
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{Mereology} is the {philosophical study of part-whole relationships}.
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Reference: Nikk Effingham, _An Introduction to Ontology_ (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013).
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<!--ID: 1720998380912-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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What does Effingham mean when saying "concreta" and "abstracta" are terms of art?
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Back: They are terms defined freely by a person to mean whatever one wants.
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Reference: Nikk Effingham, _An Introduction to Ontology_ (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013).
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<!--ID: 1720894782942-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Cloze
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In general, ontologists often categorize things as either {concreta} or {abstracta}.
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Reference: Nikk Effingham, _An Introduction to Ontology_ (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013).
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<!--ID: 1720894782951-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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Generally speaking, what does someone *probably* mean by "concrete" things?
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Back: Things that exists in space and/or time.
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Reference: Nikk Effingham, _An Introduction to Ontology_ (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013).
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<!--ID: 1720894782957-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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Generally speaking, what does someone *probably* mean by "abstract" things?
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Back: Things that exist in neither space nor time.
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Reference: Nikk Effingham, _An Introduction to Ontology_ (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013).
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<!--ID: 1720894782965-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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Is a material object considered concreta?
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Back: Usually.
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Reference: Nikk Effingham, _An Introduction to Ontology_ (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013).
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<!--ID: 1720894782971-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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Is an immaterial object considered concreta?
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Back: Possibly.
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Reference: Nikk Effingham, _An Introduction to Ontology_ (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013).
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<!--ID: 1720894782978-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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Is a material object considered abstracta?
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Back: Not usually.
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Reference: Nikk Effingham, _An Introduction to Ontology_ (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013).
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<!--ID: 1720894782984-->
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END%%
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%%ANKI
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Basic
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Is an immaterial object considered abstracta?
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Back: Possibly.
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Reference: Nikk Effingham, _An Introduction to Ontology_ (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013).
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<!--ID: 1720894782989-->
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END%%
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## Bibliography
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* Francesco Orilia and Michele Paolini Paoletti, “Properties,” in _The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy_, ed. Edward N. Zalta, Spring 2022 (Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, 2022), [https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2022/entries/properties/](https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2022/entries/properties/).
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* Nikk Effingham, _An Introduction to Ontology_ (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013).
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* Simon Hewitt, “A Cardinal Worry for Permissive Metaontology,” _Metaphysica_ 16, no. 2 (September 18, 2015): 159–65, [https://doi.org/10.1515/mp-2015-0009](https://doi.org/10.1515/mp-2015-0009).
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