diff --git a/Bookshelf/Enderton/Set.tex b/Bookshelf/Enderton/Set.tex index f458214..d239207 100644 --- a/Bookshelf/Enderton/Set.tex +++ b/Bookshelf/Enderton/Set.tex @@ -6378,7 +6378,7 @@ \end{proof} -\subsection{\sorry{Theorem 4H}}% +\subsection{\pending{Theorem 4H}}% \hyperlabel{sub:theorem-4h} \begin{theorem}[4H] @@ -6390,7 +6390,91 @@ \end{theorem} \begin{proof} - TODO + + Let $\langle N, S, e \rangle$ be a \nameref{ref:peano-system}. + By the \nameref{sub:recursion-theorem-natural-numbers}, there exists a + unique function $h \colon \omega \rightarrow N$ such that $h(0) = e$ and + for every $n \in \omega$, $h(n^+) = h(\sigma(n)) = S(h(n))$. + All that remains is proving $h$ is one-to-one and onto. + \suitdivider + + \noindent + We first show $h$ is one-to-one by induction. + Define + $$S = \{n \in \omega \mid \forall m, h(m) = h(n) \Rightarrow m = n\}.$$ + We show that (i) $0 \in S$ and (ii) if $n \in S$, then $n^+ \in S$. + Afterward we show (iii) that $h$ is one-to-one. + + \paragraph{(i)}% + \hyperlabel{par:theorem-4h-i} + + Let $m \in \omega$ such that $h(m) = h(0) = e$. + Suppose $m \neq 0$. + Then \nameref{sub:theorem-4c} indicates there exists some natural number + $p$ such that $p^+ = m$. + But then $h(m) = h(p^+) = S(h(p)) = e$. + By definition of a Peano system, $e \not\in \ran{S}$. + This is a contradiction. + Hence $m = 0$, i.e. $0 \in S$. + + \paragraph{(ii)}% + \hyperlabel{par:theorem-4h-ii} + + Suppose $n \in S$. + Let $m \in \omega$ such that $h(m) = h(n^+) = S(h(n))$. + There are two cases to consider: + + \subparagraph{Case 1}% + + Suppose $m = 0$. + Then $h(0) = e = S(h(n))$. + But, by definition of a Peano system, $e \not\in \ran{S}$. + Thus we have a contradiction. + + \subparagraph{Case 2}% + + Suppose $m \neq 0$. + Then \nameref{sub:theorem-4c} indicates there exists some natural number + $p$ such that $p^+ = m$. + Then $$S(h(n)) = h(m) = h(p^+) = S(h(p)).$$ + By definition of a Peano system, $S$ is one-to-one. + Therefore $h(n) = h(p)$. + Since $n \in S$, it follows $n = p$. + Therefore $n^+ = p^+ = m$. + + \subparagraph{Subconclusion}% + + The above two cases are exhaustive. + Hence $n^+ \in S$. + + \paragraph{(iii)}% + + By \nameref{par:theorem-4h-i} and \nameref{par:theorem-4h-ii}, $S$ is an + \nameref{ref:inductive-set}. + By \nameref{sub:theorem-4b}, $S = \omega$. + Thus for all natural numbers $m, n \in \omega$, if $h(m) = h(n)$, then + $m = n$. + In other words, $f$ is one-to-one. + \suitdivider + + \noindent + We next show that $\ran{h} = N$. + By the Peano posulate, every subset $A$ of $N$ containing $e$ and closed under $S$ is $N$ itself. + Thus it suffices to prove that (i) $e \in \ran{h}$ and (ii) $\ran{h}$ is closed under $S$. + + \paragraph{(i)}% + + That is, $h(0) = e$ by definition. + Thus $e \in \ran{h}$. + + \paragraph{(ii)}% + + Let $y \in \ran{h}$. + Then there exists some $n \in \omega$ such that $h(n) = y$. + By definition of $h$, $h(n^+) = S(h(n)) = S(y)$. + Therefore $S(y) \in \ran{h}$. + Since this holds for any $y \in \ran{h}$, $\ran{h}$ is closed under $S$. + \end{proof} \section{Arithmetic}%