diff --git a/one-variable-calculus/Apostol/Chapter_I_3.lean b/one-variable-calculus/Apostol/Chapter_I_3.lean index 36e7367..ff742dd 100644 --- a/one-variable-calculus/Apostol/Chapter_I_3.lean +++ b/one-variable-calculus/Apostol/Chapter_I_3.lean @@ -1,3 +1,8 @@ +/- +Chapter I 3 + +A Set of Axioms for the Real-Number System +-/ import Common.Data.Real.Set #check Archimedean diff --git a/one-variable-calculus/Apostol/Exercises_I_3_12.lean b/one-variable-calculus/Apostol/Exercises_I_3_12.lean new file mode 100644 index 0000000..956f4ad --- /dev/null +++ b/one-variable-calculus/Apostol/Exercises_I_3_12.lean @@ -0,0 +1,131 @@ +/- +I 3.12 Exercises + +A Set of Axioms for the Real-Number System +-/ + +-- ======================================== +-- Exercise 1 +-- +-- If `x` and `y` are arbitrary real numbers with `x < y`, prove that there is +-- at least one real `z` satisfying `x < z < y`. +-- ======================================== + +-- # TODO + +-- ======================================== +-- Exercise 2 +-- +-- If `x` is an arbitrary real number, prove that there are integers `m` and `n` +-- such that `m < x < n`. +-- ======================================== + +-- # TODO + +-- ======================================== +-- Exercise 3 +-- +-- If `x > 0`, prove that there is a positive integer `n` such that `1 / n < x`. +-- ======================================== + +-- # TODO + +-- ======================================== +-- Exercise 4 +-- +-- If `x` is an arbitrary real number, prove that there is exactly one integer +-- `n` which satisfies the inequalities `n ≤ x < n + 1`. This `n` is called the +-- greatest integer in `x` and is denoted by `⌊x⌋`. For example, `⌊5⌋ = 5`, +-- `⌊5 / 2⌋ = 2`, `⌊-8/3⌋ = -3`. +-- ======================================== + +-- # TODO + +-- ======================================== +-- Exercise 5 +-- +-- If `x` is an arbitrary real number, prove that there is exactly one integer +-- `n` which satisfies `x ≤ n < x + 1`. +-- ======================================== + +-- # TODO + +-- ======================================== +-- Exercise 6 +-- +-- If `x` and `y` are arbitrary real numbers, `x < y`, prove that there exists +-- at least one rational number `r` satisfying `x < r < y`, and hence infinitely +-- many. This property is often described by saying that the rational numbers +-- are *dense* in the real-number system. +-- ======================================== + +-- # TODO + +-- ======================================== +-- Exercise 7 +-- +-- If `x` is rational, `x ≠ 0`, and `y` irrational, prove that `x + y`, `x - y`, +-- `xy`, `x / y`, and `y / x` are all irrational. +-- ======================================== + +-- # TODO + +-- ======================================== +-- Exercise 8 +-- +-- Is the sum or product of two irrational numbers always irrational? +-- ======================================== + +-- # TODO + +-- ======================================== +-- Exercise 9 +-- +-- If `x` and `y` are arbitrary real numbers, `x < y`, prove that there exists +-- at least one irrational number `z` satisfying `x < z < y`, and hence +-- infinitely many. +-- ======================================== + +-- # TODO + +-- ======================================== +-- Exercise 10 +-- +-- An integer `n` is called *even* if `n = 2m` for some integer `m`, and *odd* +-- if `n + 1` is even. Prove the following statements: +-- +-- (a) An integer cannot be both even and odd. +-- (b) Every integer is either even or odd. +-- (c) The sum or product of two even integers is even. What can you say about +-- the sum or product of two odd integers? +-- (d) If `n²` is even, so is `n`. If `a² = 2b²`, where `a` and `b` are +-- integers, then both `a` and `b` are even. +-- (e) Every rational number can be expressed in the form `a / b`, where `a` and +-- `b` are integers, at least one of which is odd. +-- ======================================== + +-- # TODO + +-- ======================================== +-- Exercise 11 +-- +-- Prove that there is no rational number whose square is `2`. +-- +-- [Hint: Argue by contradiction. Assume `(a / b)² = 2`, where `a` and `b` are +-- integers, at least one of which is odd. Use parts of Exercise 10 to deduce a +-- contradiction.] +-- ======================================== + +-- # TODO + +-- ======================================== +-- Exercise 12 +-- +-- The Archimedean property of the real-number system was deduced as a +-- consequence of the least-upper-bound axiom. Prove that the set of rational +-- numbers satisfies the Archimedean property but not he least-upper-bound +-- property. This shows that the Archimedean property does not imply the +-- least-upper-bound axiom. +-- ======================================== + +-- # TODO \ No newline at end of file